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Neuro Physiology > Topography of Brain > Flashcards

Topography of Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Relay centre for anything sensory

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2
Q

Parts of the cerebellum

A

Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Vermis
Flocculonodular lobe

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3
Q

The surface of the cerebellum has what?

A

Sulci

Folia

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4
Q

How is the cerebellum connected to the brainstem?

A

3 cerebellar peduncles

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5
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

Posture maintenance

Fine tuning motor activity

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6
Q

What information is given to the cerebellum to help it carry out its function?

A

Information from pyramidal tracts (motor intention of brain)
Information from ipsilateral proprioceptors from periphery
Information from vestibular nuclei re balance and posture

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7
Q

How to test for ataxia?

A

Finger nose test
Knee heel test
Walking in a straight line

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8
Q

Parts of the brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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9
Q

What part of the brainstem can you not see from the posterior view?

A

Pons

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10
Q

Which cranial nerves are found in the brainstem?

A

III-IX

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11
Q

Function of the brainstem

A

Pathway for fibre tracts running between higher and lower centres
Brainstem nuclei are involved with 10 of the 12 CNs, so innervation of the head and neck
Brainstem centres produce the rigidly programmed automatic behaviours essential for survival

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12
Q

Where does the medulla continue and as what?

A

At spinal cord

At foramen magnum of cranium

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13
Q

Surface features of the medulla

A

Pyramids and their decussation (cross over)
Olives laterally
Cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII

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14
Q

How is the medulla connected to the cerebellum

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

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15
Q

Two sections of the medulla

A

Caudal part

Cranial part

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16
Q

What is found in the caudal part of the medulla?

A

White matter

  • pyramidal tract
  • medial lemniscus
  • inferior cerebellar peduncle
  • other tracts
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17
Q

What is found in the cranial part of the medulla?

A

Grey matter

  • cranial nerve nuclei and inferior olivary nucleus
  • nuclei of the reticular formation (vital centres)
  • sensory nuclei (gracile and cuneate)
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18
Q

What is posterior to the pons?

A

IV ventricle

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19
Q

Surface features of the pons

A

Middle cerebral peduncle

Cranial nerves V, VI, VII and VIII originate from its surface

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20
Q

What is found in the white matter of the pons?

A 
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Medial lemniscus (sensory)
Pyramidal tract (motor)
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21
Q

What is found in the grey matter of the pons?

A

Cranial nerve nuclei
Pontine nuclei
Nucelii of reticular formation

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22
Q

What does the midbrain develop from?

A

Mesencephalon

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23
Q

What is found in the central cavity of the midbrain?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

24
Q

Surface features of the midbrain

A

Cerebral peduncle
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Corpora quadrigemina (superior and inferior colliculus)
Origin of oculomotor (CN III) and trochlear (CN IV)

25
Q

What is the only nerve to originate posteriorly from the midbrain?

A

IV nerve

26
Q

Where is the diencephalon found?

A

Deep within the cerebral hemispheres, around the III ventricle

27
Q

What is the diencephalon made up from?

A

Pineal gland (epithalamus)
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus

28
Q

What are all of the diencephalon mainly?

A

Grey matter

29
Q

How much of the diencephalon does the thalamus make up?

A

80%

30
Q

The thalamus is found on either side of what?

A

III ventricle

31
Q

Groups of nuclei of thalamus

A

Anterior group
Medial group
Lateral group

32
Q

What is the lateral group of nuclei of the thalamus involved in?

A

Processing sensory information

33
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

A sensory relay station

34
Q

How is the hypothalamus separated from the thalamus?

A

By the hypothalamic sulcus

35
Q

Where does the hypothalamus lie in relation to the thalamus?

A

Below it

36
Q

Homeostatic roles of the hypothalamus

A 
Autonomic control centre
Body temp regulation 
Regulation of food intake
Regulation of water balance and thirst
Regulation of sleep wake cycle 
Control of endocrine system functioning
37
Q

Anatomy of the internal carotid arteries

A

2 of them

Enter the skull through the carotid canal (foramen lacerum) to supply brain

38
Q

How do the vertebral arteries enter the skull?

A

Through the foramen magnum to supply brain

39
Q

What are the vertebral arteries branches of?

A

Subclavian artery

40
Q

What are the branches of the ICA that supply the brain?

A

Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior communicating arteries

41
Q

What do the 2 vertebral arteries join to make? Where does it do this?

A

Basilar artery

On the vertebral surface of the brainstem

42
Q

What do branches of the vertebra-basilar system supply?

A

Brainstem

Cerebellum

43
Q

Where does the basillar artery end?

A

The level of the midbrain by dividing into two posterior cerebral arterys (PCA)

44
Q

What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Posterior part of the cerebral hemispheres

45
Q

What do the ACA and MCA supply?

A

Large part of the cerebral hemisphere

46
Q

What arteries join to form the circle of willis?

A

Branches of ICA join with those of opposite side and with the PCA

47
Q

Function of circle of willis

A

Protective feature against vaso occlusive arteries

48
Q

What are end arteries?

A

Do not anastomose with anything else

49
Q

What artery are strokes usually involved with?

A

Middle cerebral artery

50
Q

What does the ACA supply?

A

Medial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres excluding the occipital lobe

51
Q

What does the MCA supply?

A

Lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres

52
Q

What does the PCA supply?

A

Inferior aspect of cerebral hemispheres and occipital lobe

53
Q

What is the venous drainage of the brain?

A

Superficial and deep veins of the brain drain into venous sinuses which lie between the two layers of the dura mater

54
Q

The dura is joined everywhere apart from where?

A

The sinuses

55
Q

The dural venous sinuses join together to drain ultimately into where?

A

Internal jugular veins

56
Q

Veins of the brain

A 
Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus 
Great cerebral vein 
Transverse sinuses 
Cavernous sinuses 
Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
Internal jugular veins

Neuro Physiology (15 decks)

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