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Neuro Physiology > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves is there?

A

12

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2
Q

How would nerves be prone to compression?

A

Inflammation
Tumours
Fractures

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3
Q

What type of fibres may cranial nerves contain?

A 
Somatic motor
Visceral motor
Visceral sensory 
General sensory 
Special sensory
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4
Q

What does somatic motor fibres supply?

A

Striated muscle

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5
Q

What do visceral motor fibres supply?

A

Parasympathetic supply innervating smooth muscles and glands

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6
Q

What do visceral sensory fibres do?

A

Afferent inputs from pharynx, larynx, heart, lung gut etc

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7
Q

What do general sensory fibres do?

A

Afferent inputs (e.g. touch, temp, pain) from skin and mucous membranes

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8
Q

What is involved in special sensory fibres?

A 
Taste
Smell 
Vision 
Hearing 
Balance
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9
Q

Neumonic to remember the cranial nerves

A

OOH To Touch And Feel Very Green Vegetables AH

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10
Q

What is CNI?

A

Olfactory

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11
Q

What is CNII?

A

Optic

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12
Q

What is CNIII?

A

Oculomotor

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13
Q

What is CNIV?

A

Trochlear

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14
Q

What is CNV?

A

Trigeminal

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15
Q

What is CNVI?

A

Abducent

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16
Q

What is CNVII?

A

Facial

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17
Q

What is CNVIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear

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18
Q

What is CNIX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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19
Q

What is CNX?

A

Vagus

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20
Q

What is CNXI?

A

Accessory

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21
Q

What is CNXII?

A

Hypoglossal

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22
Q

Function of CNI

A

Sensory - smell

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23
Q

Function of CNII

A

Sensory - vision

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24
Q

Function of CNIII

A

Motor - eye movement

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25
Q

Function of CNIV

A

Motor - eye movement

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26
Q

Function of CNV

A

Mixed

  • sensation from face and mouth
  • muscles of mastication
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27
Q

Function of CNVI

A

Motor - eye movement

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28
Q

Function of CNVII

A

Mixed

  • muscles of facial expression
  • parasympathetic
  • taste
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29
Q

Function of CNVIII

A

Sensory

  • hearing
  • balance
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30
Q

Function of CNIX

A

Mixed

  • swallowing
  • sensation from tongue
  • parasympathetic
31
Q

Function of CNX

A

Mixed

  • muscles of throat
  • parasympathetic
  • visceral sensory
32
Q

Function of CNXI

A

Motor

  • soft palate
  • throat
  • neck
33
Q

Function of CNXII

A

Motor - tongue

34
Q

Pathway of olfactory nerve

A

Receptors in olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity
Olfactory nerve fibres pass through foraminifera in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
Enter olfactory bulb in anterior cranial fossa

35
Q

Pathway of optic nerve

A

Enters via optic canal
Nerves join to form optic chiasm
Fibres from medial (nasal) half of each retina cross to form the optic tract

36
Q

What can increased CSF pressure do to the optic nerve?

A

Cause papilledema

37
Q

What would section of the right optic nerve cause?

A

Blindness through the right eye

38
Q

What would section of the optic chiasm cause?

A

Loss of peripheral vision (bitemporal hemianopia)

39
Q

What would section of the right optic tract cause?

A

Blindness in the left temporal and right nasal fields (left homonymous hemianopsia)

40
Q

Pathway of the oculomotor

A

Emerges from midbrain

Exits via superior orbital fissure

41
Q

What does the oculomotor nerve (CNIII) supply?

A

Somatic motor
- extraocular muscles (SR, MR, IR + IO)
- eyelid - LPS
Visceral motor
- parasympathetic to pupil causing constriction
- ciliary muscle causing accommodation of the lens

42
Q

Pathway of the trochlear nerve

A

Emerges from dorsal surface of the midbrain

Exits via superior orbital fissure

43
Q

Which extraocular muscle does the trochlear nerve give supply to?

A

Superior oblique

44
Q

If the trochlear nerve was damaged, what would be seen?

A

Diplopia when looking down

45
Q

Pathway of abducent nerve

A

Emerges between pons and medulla

Exits via superior orbital fissure

46
Q

Which extraocular muscle does the abducent muscle supply?

A

Lateral rectus

47
Q

The 3 trigeminal nerves

A

CNV1 - ophthalmic
CNV2 - maxillary
CNV3 - mandibular

48
Q

Pathway of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV1)

A

Emerges from pons
Travels through trigeminal ganglion
Exists via superior orbital fissure

49
Q

Function of CNV1

A 
General sensory 
- cornea
- forehead
- scalp 
- eyelids
- nose
- muscosa of nasal cavity 
 and sinuses
50
Q

Pathway of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

A

Emerges from pons
Travels through trigeminal ganglion
Exits via foramen rotundum

51
Q

Function of CV2

A

General sensory

  • face over maxilla
  • maxillary teeth
  • temporomandibular joint
  • mucosa of nose
  • maxillary sinuses
  • palate
52
Q

Pathway of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3)

A

Emerges from the pons
Travels through the trigeminal ganglion
Exists via foramen ovale

53
Q

Function of CNV3

A 
General sensory 
- face over mandible
- mandibular teeth 
- temporomandibular joint 
- mucosa of mouth 
- anterior 2/3rds of tongue 
Somatic motor
- muscles of mastication 
- part of digastric 
- tensor veli palatinin 
- tensor tympani
54
Q

Pathway of facial nerve

A

Emerges between pons and medulla

Exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen

55
Q

Function of facial nerve

A 
Somatic motor
- muscles of facial expression 
- scalp 
- stapedius of middle ear 
- part of digastric muscle
Visceral motor
- parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose and palate
Special sensory 
- taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue 
- soft palate
General sensory from external acoustic meatus
56
Q

Why is the facial nerve frequently injured?

A

Due to its long pathway through the bone

57
Q

What is a common condition that occurs when the facial nerve is damaged?

A

Bells palsy

58
Q

Features of bells palsy

A

Cannot frown
Close eyelid
Bare teeth

59
Q

Pathway of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Emerges between pons and medulla
Exits via internal acoustic meatus
Divides into vestibular and cochlear nerves

60
Q

What does the vestibulochochlear nerve divide into?

A

Vestibular nerve

Cochlear nerve

61
Q

Function of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Special sensory (sense of position and movement)

  • vestibular sensation from semi-circular ducts
  • utricle
  • saccule
  • hearing from spiral organ
62
Q

Pathway of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Emerges from medulla

Exits via jugular foramen

63
Q

Function of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Special sensory
- taste from posterior 3rd of tongue
General sensory
- cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity
Visceral sensory
- Sensation from carotid body and carotid sinus
Visceral motor
- parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland
Somatic motor
- stylopharyngeus
- helps with swallowing

64
Q

Pathway of the vagus nerve

A

Emerges from medulla
Exits via jugular canal
Goes everywhere

65
Q

Function of vagus nerve

A 
Special sensory 
- taste from epiglottis and palate
General sensory 
- sensation from auricle
- external acoustic meatus
Visceral sensory
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- heart
- oesophagus
- stomach 
- intestine 
Visceral motor
- parasympathetic innervation muscle in bronchi, gut, heart 
Somatic motor 
- pharynx
- larynx 
- palate
- oesophagus
66
Q

What would damage to the pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve cause?

A

Difficulty in swallowing

67
Q

What would damage to the laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve cause?

A

Difficulty in speaking

68
Q

Pathway of the accessory nerve

A

Small cranial (medulla) and large spinal routes exit via jugular foramen

69
Q

Function of accessory nerve

A

Somatic motor

  • striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx and larynx
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • trapezius
70
Q

Pathway of hypoglossal nerve

A

Emerges from medulla

Exits through hypoglossal canal

71
Q

Function of hypoglossal nerve

A

Somatic motor to muscles of the tongue

72
Q

When is the hypoglossal nerve vulnerable to damage?

A

During tonsillectomy

73
Q

If the hypoglossal nerve was damaged, what would be the presentation?

A

Paralysis and atrophy of the ipsilateral half of the tongue

Tip deviates towards the affected side

Neuro Physiology (15 decks)

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