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Dermatology > Topical Skin Therapeutics > Flashcards

Topical Skin Therapeutics Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 advantages of topical treatments

A

Direct application

Reduced systemic effects

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2
Q

What are the 3 disadvantages of topical treatments

A

Time consuming
Correct dosage can be difficult
Messy to use

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3
Q

What are the 5 main types of bases/ vehicles used

A 
Gels
creams
ointments
pastes
lotions
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4
Q

Creams contain preservatives. What is the function of having them in creams

A

The prevent bacterial contamination and also increase shelf life

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5
Q

What are some benefits of creams

A

Cool and provide moisture
Non- greasy
Easy to apply
cosmetically acceptable

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6
Q

What are creams made from

A

Semisolid emulsion of oil in water

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7
Q

What are ointments made from

A

Semisolid grease/ oil (soft paraffin)

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8
Q

What is the main benefit of an ointment

A

Restrict transepidermal water loss

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9
Q

What is the main disadvantage of an ointment

A

Greasy - less cosmetically attractive and can problems at work etc.

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10
Q

Do ointments contain preservatives

A

No

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11
Q

What are lotions made up of

A

Liquid formulation

Medication in water, alcohol or other liquids

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12
Q

What may happen if alcohol is in the lotion

A

It may cause the area to sting

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13
Q

What areas are lotions used to treat

A

Scalp, hair-bearing areas

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14
Q

What are gels

A

Thickened aqueous lotins

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15
Q

Describe the texture of gels

A

Semi-solids, containing high molecular weight polymer

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16
Q

Where are gels used to treat?

A

scalp, hair bearing areas, face

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17
Q

What texture are pastes

A

Semisolids

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18
Q

What do pastes contain

A

fines powdered material e.g. ZNO

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19
Q

What is the difficulty in using pastes

A

Stiff, greasy and difficult to apply

20
Q

What are the benefits of using a paste

A

protective, occlusive and hydrating

21
Q

When are pastes often used

A

In cooling, drying and soothing bandages

22
Q

What do emollients do

A

Wnhance rehydration of epidermis

23
Q

What are emollients used for

A

For all dry/ scaly conditions especially eczema

24
Q

How much of an emollient should be prescribed weekly

A

300-500g

25
Q

What are wet wrap therapy used for

A

Very dry (xerotic) skin

26
Q

What is the main disadvantage of applying wet wraps

A

Difficult and time consuming to apply

27
Q

Why are topical corticosteroids effective

A

Vasoconstrictive
Anti-inflammatory
Antiproliferative

28
Q

What is a mild topical steroid

A

Hydrocortisone

29
Q

What is a very potent topical steroid

A

Clobetasol Proprionate

30
Q

How do topical steroids work

A

Reduce inflammation and cause immune suppression

31
Q

For a whole adult to be covered by an ointment, how much would be required

A

20-30g

32
Q

What are some side effects of topical steroids

A 
Thinning of the skin
Purpura 
stretch marks 
telangectasia
perioral dermatitis
steroid rosacea
systemic absorption
33
Q

What are 3 clinical uses of antiseptics

A

Recurrent infections
Antibiotic resistance
Wound irrigation

34
Q

What is a popular antiseptic

A

Potassium permanganate

35
Q

What 2 conditions really benefit from potassium permanganate

A

Acute exudative eczema

Pompholyx

36
Q

What 4 conditions benefit from topical antibiotics

A

Acne
Rosacea
Impetigo
Infected eczema

37
Q

What are 3 conditions that benefit from antiviral agents

A

Herpes simplex
Eczema herpeticum
Herpes Zoster (shingles)

38
Q

What are 3 uses for topical antifungals

A

Candida (thrush)
Dermatophytes (ringworm)
Pityriasis versicolor

39
Q

Why might menthol be used as an antipruritics

A

Impart cooling sensation

40
Q

How does capsaicin work

A

depletes substance P at nerve ending and reduces neurotransmission

41
Q

What is the function of keratolytics

A

Used to soften keratin

42
Q

When might keratolytics be used

A

Viral warts
Hyperkeratotic eczema and psoriasis
Corns and calluses
To remove keratin plaques in the scalp

43
Q

Give an example of a keratolytic

A

Salicylic acid

44
Q

Give some examples of the treatment of warts

A 
Keratolytics 
Formaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Silver nitrate 
Liquid nitrongen - cryotherapy
Podophyllin (genital warts)
45
Q

Give some examples of topical psoriasis treatments

A 
Emollients of choice 
Coal tar
Vitamin D analogue 
Keratolytic 
Topical steroid 
DIthranol
46
Q

What are some side effects of topical therapies

A

Burning or irritation
Contact allergic dermatitis
Local toxicity
Systemic toxicity

Dermatology (21 decks)

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