Principles of Skin surgery and skin tumour management Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the appearance of dermatofibroma

A

Firm to touch

Often increased pigment around the rim

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2
Q

Describe the appearance of a basal cell papilloma

A

Black - cookie like

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3
Q

What is the problem with taking a biopsy of a rash

A

It may not provide a diagnosis as different skin conditions may have the same histology e.g. different types of eczema etc

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4
Q

How do we treat non-melanoma skin cancer

A

Traditionally surgery but now there are some new treatments such as topical treatments

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5
Q

What are some of the treatment options for common precancers

A
cryotherapy 
solaraze 
5FU
PDT 
imiquimod cream 
resurfacing
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6
Q

What are some questions to be asked in preoperative planning

A
nature of procedure
medical Hx
Drug Hx
Bleeding disorder
Allergies 
Other - pacemaker, valve defect, epilepsy, diabetes
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7
Q

What are some of the problems with surgery on a patient on prednisolone

A

Might reduce the bodies capacity to with infection and slows down the wound healing

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8
Q

What are the effects of smoking on wound healing

A

Blood supply is massively reduced to the wound if you are a smoker.

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9
Q

How do we treat metastatic melanoma

A

Initially surgery

further surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy may be needed

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10
Q

Where is Erbs point ?

A

point half way along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle from which all cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus exit to become superficial.

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11
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp

A
Skin 
Connective tissue 
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue 
Parietal bone
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12
Q

What is shingles also known as

A

Herpes Zoster

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13
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve

A

Opthalmic (1)
Maxillary (2)
Mandibular (3)

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14
Q

What are the 4 methods of local anaesthesia

A

Topical
Local infiltration
Nerve block
Field block

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15
Q

Why is adrenaline useful with surgery

A

Prolongs anaesthesia and reduces bleeding

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16
Q

In what patients should adrenaline be avoided

A

Patients with cardiac disease

Those on psychotropic drugs

17
Q

How can you reduce the pain of a during local anaethetic

A
Relax patient 
topical local 
fine needle
warm the local 
omit adrenaline 
neutralise acidity 
massage skin
slow injection 
subcutaneous injection 
follicle opening 
nerve blocks
18
Q

What are some complications of skin biopsies

A
Bleeding 
wound dehiscence 
infection
scarring 
motor or sensory nerve damage
loss of function
19
Q

Where are the most common sites of metastatic melanoma

A

Brain, lungs
liver
lymph nodes