Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Education - YR12 > Topic ONE - Section THREE - CV System > Flashcards

Topic ONE - Section THREE - CV System Flashcards

1
Q

What three parts is CV System Split Into?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood Vessels
  3. Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main Functions of the CV System :

A
  • Deliver oxygen to working muscles
  • Removal of lactic acid and carbon dioxide
  • Return blood to lungs for oxygenation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Heart is a …
How Many Chambers
Function of Atria :
Function of Ventricles :
Function of Arteries :
Function of Veins :
Function of Capillaries :

A

Heart is a muscle
Four Chambers
Atriums - Receive Blood - Upper Chambers
Ventricles - Eject Blood - Lower Chambers
Arteries - Take Blood From Heart
Veins - Return Blood To Heart
Capillaries - Allow Gaseous Exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structure Of The Heart :

A
  • Aorta
  • Vena Cava
  • Pulmonary Vein
  • Pulmonary Artery
  • Semi Lunar Valves
  • Tricuspid Valve
  • Bicuspid Valve
  • Right Atrium
  • Left Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Left Ventricle
  • Septum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions in the Heart :

A

Aorta - Carry Oxygenated Blood To the Working Muscles
Vena Cava - Return Deoxygenated Blood To the Heart
Pulmonary Vein - Carry Oxgenated Blood From the Lungs
Pulmonary Artery - Carry Deoxygenated Blood To the Lungs
Semi Lunar Valve - Prevent Back flow via tendons ( Blood Pooling )
Tricuspid Valves - Allow Deoxygenated Blood through from right atrium to right ventricle
Bicuspid Valve - Allow Oxygenated Blood through from the left atrium to left ventricle
Right Atrium - Receives Deoxygenated Blood from the Vena Cava
Left Atrium - Receives Blood from the Pulmonary Vein
Right Ventricle - Eject Deoxygenated Blood to the Pulmonary Artery
Left Ventricle - Eject Deoxygenated Blood to the Aorta
Septum - Separates Four Chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Valves needed for :

A

Create pressure in order for oxygen to reach organ and muscles

Valves create pressure build

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Average Blood Pressure :

A

120
——
80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meaning Of Cardiac :
Meaning Of Vascular :

A

Cardiac - Heart
Vascular - Vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Average Resting HR :

A

70BMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Maximum HR :

A

220 - Age = ( )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heart Rate :

A

Number of beats from heart per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stroke Volume :

A

Amount of Blood Pumped out the left ventricle per contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cardiac Output :

A

Amount of blood leaving left ventricle per minute
HR X SV = Q

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Average Resting Cardiac Output :

A

5L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Average Maximum Cardiac Output :

A

25L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Systole ?

A

When the heart contracts and pumps out blood - the second stage of the contraction

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Diastole ?

A

When the heart relaxes and chambers fill up - the first stage of the contraction

Blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

120
—— Explanation of Blood Pressure Value :
80

A

120 - Systolic - First - Pressure during systolic stage
——
80 - Diastolic - Second - Pressure during diastolic stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Bradycardia

A

Resting HR below 60BPM

Resting HR decreases due stroke volume increase from Cardiac Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When does HR increase ?

A

As more oxygen is required to working muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the Heart Location ?

A

Thoracic Cavity

22
Q

Structure of Veins :

A

Large Lumen
Contains Valves - prevent back flow
Thin Outer Layer
Smooth Muscle - less elastic than arteries

23
Q

Structure of Arteries :

A

Thick Muscular Walls
Small Lumen
Thick Outer Layer
Elastic Walls

24
Q

Structure of Capillaries :

A

One Cell Thick
Permeable
Narrow Lumen
High Surface Area

25
Q

Function of Arterioles :
Structure :

A

Carry blood from the heart
Found at Muscle Sites
Allow Vascular Shunting
Branch from main arteries
Smaller than arteries

26
Q

Function of Venules :
Structure :

A

Smaller vessels , return blood to the heart
Found close to the skin
One Cell thick
Branch off of Veins

27
Q

What is Vascular Shunting?

A

The redistribution of blood to areas need most through process of vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Only occurs during exercise

28
Q

What is Vasoconstriction?

A
  • Narrowing of diameter of arteries to decrease blood flow
  • Stops blood going to inactive areas during exercise
29
Q

What is Vasodilation?

A
  • Widening of diameter of arteries to increase blood flow
  • Gets oxygen to required muscles during exercise
30
Q

Vascular Shunt Percentages :
At Rest :
At Exercise :

A

At Rest :
- Muscles - 15%
- Vital Organs - 85%

At Exercise :
- Muscles - 85%
- Vital Organs - 15%

31
Q

What are Precapillary Sphincters ?

A

Rings of smooth muscles
- contract passively / automatically

32
Q

Explain the order of a heart beat :

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium
  2. Blood passes through tricuspid valve to right ventricle
  3. Right ventricle contracts and blood passes through semi lunar valves to the pulmonary artery
  4. Pulmonary artery transports it to the heart
  5. Gaseous Exchange occurs
  6. Pulmonary Vein transports oxygenated blood back to heart through left atrium
  7. Blood passes through bicuspid valves to left ventricle
    8.Left ventricle contracts and blood is ejected into through semi lunar valves into the aorta
33
Q

Explain the Vascular Shunt Mechanism :

A
  1. During exercise , oxygenated blood comes through the arteries
  2. Splits into arterioles
  3. Travelling to the Precapillary Sphincters
  4. Precapillary Sphincters vasodilate or vasoconstrict (depending on their location )
  5. Blood travels through to the capillary bed
  6. Gaseous Exchange occurs
  7. Venules then carry the deoxygenated blood to veins which is directed back to the heart
34
Q

Responses of the CV System to exercise :

A

Anticipatory Rise , Steady Exercise , Recovery - HR

Blood Pressure increases
- Systolic Increases
- Diastolic Remains Same

Activation of Vascular Shunting

Increase Venus Return

35
Q

What is Venus Return ?

A

Amount of blood returned to the heart per minute

Veins return blood to the heart by travelling through active muscles from pressure created with valves in order to travel faster (against gravity)

36
Q

Components of the Blood :

A

-Plasma
- Red Blood Cells
- White Blood Cells
- Platelets

37
Q

What is Plasma ?
Function ?
Features ?

A

Transporter Substance made of 91% Water
Makes up about 55% of Blood

Transport Nutrients such as glucose , insulin and amino acids ( protein )

At Rest :
Suspend and carry other cells around body

At Exercise :
Pass fluid from blood to body tissue e.g dehydrated muscles

38
Q

What are Red Blood Cells ?
Function ?
Features ?

A

Flattened Disk Shapes
No Nucleus
Makes up around 45% of Blood
2-3 Months Lifespan

Carries Oxygen
Carries Haemoglobin from oxyhaemoglobin

At Rest :
Carries oxygen to required areas

At Exercise :
Carry oxygen to working muscles
Carry carbon dioxide and metabolic by products away from muscles

39
Q

What are White Blood Cells ?
Function ?
Features ?

A

Makes up about 1% of Blood
Ingest Pathogens
Produce Antibodies
Produce Antitoxins

At Rest :
Fight infection and disease by destroying bacteria

At Exercise :
Increased activity to keep athletes healthy to perform

40
Q

What are Platelets ?
Function ?
Features ?

A

Prevent Bleeding
Plug Holes
Thrombocytes

At Rest :
Form blood clots at damaged tissue to prevent infection and blood loss

At Exercise :
Prevent bleeding when active muscle is damaged

41
Q

What HR is Sub-maximal ?

A

Around 60-80% of maximum HR

42
Q

What HR is Maximal ?

A

Around 90% of maximum HR

43
Q

Short Term Effects on CV System :

A

Positive :
Increased HR
Increased Cardiac Output
Increased Stroke Volume Linearly to about 50-60% intensity
- Plateaus due to limiting blood capacity of left ventricle
Decreased Blood Viscosity
Increased Temperature
- Red Skin causes capillaries to cool surface of skin
Increased Venus Return
Increased Blood Flow
Activation of Vascular Shunting

Negative :
Increased Blood Pressure

44
Q

Long Term Effects on CV System :

A

Positive :
Capillariation
Decreased Resting HR
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Increased Resting and Exercising SV
Increased Blood Flow
Increased Resting and Exercising Q
Decrease Resting Blood Pressure

Negative :
Heart Strain

45
Q

Effects of a Warm Up on CV System :

A
  • Increase Blood Flow
  • Increase Venus Return
  • Vascular Shunt Activation
    Vasodilation at Muscles
    Vasoconstriction at Organs
  • Decrease Blood Viscosity
  • Increase disassociation of 02 from haemoglobin in muscle tissues
46
Q

Effects of a Cool Down on CV System :

A
  • Slowly Decreases HR
  • Prevents Blood Pooling
  • Maintains Venus Return
  • Maintains Dilation of capillaries to speed up waste product removal
47
Q

What does VCC Stand For?

A

Vascular Control Center

48
Q

What does SNS Stand For?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System
- Activates Fight or Flight Response

49
Q

What are Chemoreceptors?

A

Nerve cells that detect changes in body composition

50
Q

What are Baroreceptors?

A

Nerve cells that detect changes in blood pressure

51
Q

VSM Process : ( Vascular Shunt )

A

Chemoreceptors + Baroreceptors - Brain - SNS - Vasodilation of Arteries + Arterioles - Vasodilation of Pre-Capillary Sphincters

Physical Education - YR12 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions