Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physical Education - YR12 > Topic ONE - Section THREE - CV System > Flashcards

Topic ONE - Section THREE - CV System Flashcards

1
Q

What three parts is CV System Split Into?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood Vessels
  3. Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Main Functions of the CV System :

A
  • Deliver oxygen to working muscles
  • Removal of lactic acid and carbon dioxide
  • Return blood to lungs for oxygenation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Heart is a …
How Many Chambers
Function of Atria :
Function of Ventricles :
Function of Arteries :
Function of Veins :
Function of Capillaries :

A

Heart is a muscle
Four Chambers
Atriums - Receive Blood - Upper Chambers
Ventricles - Eject Blood - Lower Chambers
Arteries - Take Blood From Heart
Veins - Return Blood To Heart
Capillaries - Allow Gaseous Exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structure Of The Heart :

A
  • Aorta
  • Vena Cava
  • Pulmonary Vein
  • Pulmonary Artery
  • Semi Lunar Valves
  • Tricuspid Valve
  • Bicuspid Valve
  • Right Atrium
  • Left Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Left Ventricle
  • Septum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions in the Heart :

A

Aorta - Carry Oxygenated Blood To the Working Muscles
Vena Cava - Return Deoxygenated Blood To the Heart
Pulmonary Vein - Carry Oxgenated Blood From the Lungs
Pulmonary Artery - Carry Deoxygenated Blood To the Lungs
Semi Lunar Valve - Prevent Back flow via tendons ( Blood Pooling )
Tricuspid Valves - Allow Deoxygenated Blood through from right atrium to right ventricle
Bicuspid Valve - Allow Oxygenated Blood through from the left atrium to left ventricle
Right Atrium - Receives Deoxygenated Blood from the Vena Cava
Left Atrium - Receives Blood from the Pulmonary Vein
Right Ventricle - Eject Deoxygenated Blood to the Pulmonary Artery
Left Ventricle - Eject Deoxygenated Blood to the Aorta
Septum - Separates Four Chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Valves needed for :

A

Create pressure in order for oxygen to reach organ and muscles

Valves create pressure build

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Average Blood Pressure :

A

120
——
80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meaning Of Cardiac :
Meaning Of Vascular :

A

Cardiac - Heart
Vascular - Vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Average Resting HR :

A

70BMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Maximum HR :

A

220 - Age = ( )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heart Rate :

A

Number of beats from heart per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stroke Volume :

A

Amount of Blood Pumped out the left ventricle per contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cardiac Output :

A

Amount of blood leaving left ventricle per minute
HR X SV = Q

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Average Resting Cardiac Output :

A

5L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Average Maximum Cardiac Output :

A

25L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Systole ?

A

When the heart contracts and pumps out blood - the second stage of the contraction

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Diastole ?

A

When the heart relaxes and chambers fill up - the first stage of the contraction

Blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

120
—— Explanation of Blood Pressure Value :
80

A

120 - Systolic - First - Pressure during systolic stage
——
80 - Diastolic - Second - Pressure during diastolic stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Bradycardia

A

Resting HR below 60BPM

Resting HR decreases due stroke volume increase from Cardiac Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When does HR increase ?

A

As more oxygen is required to working muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the Heart Location ?

A

Thoracic Cavity

22
Q

Structure of Veins :

A

Large Lumen
Contains Valves - prevent back flow
Thin Outer Layer
Smooth Muscle - less elastic than arteries

23
Q

Structure of Arteries :

A

Thick Muscular Walls
Small Lumen
Thick Outer Layer
Elastic Walls

24
Q

Structure of Capillaries :

A

One Cell Thick
Permeable
Narrow Lumen
High Surface Area

25
Function of Arterioles : Structure :
Carry blood from the heart Found at Muscle Sites Allow Vascular Shunting Branch from main arteries Smaller than arteries
26
Function of Venules : Structure :
Smaller vessels , return blood to the heart Found close to the skin One Cell thick Branch off of Veins
27
What is Vascular Shunting?
The redistribution of blood to areas need most through process of vasodilation and vasoconstriction Only occurs during exercise
28
What is Vasoconstriction?
- Narrowing of diameter of arteries to decrease blood flow - Stops blood going to inactive areas during exercise
29
What is Vasodilation?
- Widening of diameter of arteries to increase blood flow - Gets oxygen to required muscles during exercise
30
Vascular Shunt Percentages : At Rest : At Exercise :
At Rest : - Muscles - 15% - Vital Organs - 85% At Exercise : - Muscles - 85% - Vital Organs - 15%
31
What are Precapillary Sphincters ?
Rings of smooth muscles - contract passively / automatically
32
Explain the order of a heart beat :
1. Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium 2. Blood passes through tricuspid valve to right ventricle 3. Right ventricle contracts and blood passes through semi lunar valves to the pulmonary artery 4. Pulmonary artery transports it to the heart 5. Gaseous Exchange occurs 6. Pulmonary Vein transports oxygenated blood back to heart through left atrium 7. Blood passes through bicuspid valves to left ventricle 8.Left ventricle contracts and blood is ejected into through semi lunar valves into the aorta
33
Explain the Vascular Shunt Mechanism :
1. During exercise , oxygenated blood comes through the arteries 2. Splits into arterioles 3. Travelling to the Precapillary Sphincters 4. Precapillary Sphincters vasodilate or vasoconstrict (depending on their location ) 5. Blood travels through to the capillary bed 6. Gaseous Exchange occurs 7. Venules then carry the deoxygenated blood to veins which is directed back to the heart
34
Responses of the CV System to exercise :
Anticipatory Rise , Steady Exercise , Recovery - HR Blood Pressure increases - Systolic Increases - Diastolic Remains Same Activation of Vascular Shunting Increase Venus Return
35
What is Venus Return ?
Amount of blood returned to the heart per minute Veins return blood to the heart by travelling through active muscles from pressure created with valves in order to travel faster (against gravity)
36
Components of the Blood :
-Plasma - Red Blood Cells - White Blood Cells - Platelets
37
What is Plasma ? Function ? Features ?
Transporter Substance made of 91% Water Makes up about 55% of Blood Transport Nutrients such as glucose , insulin and amino acids ( protein ) At Rest : Suspend and carry other cells around body At Exercise : Pass fluid from blood to body tissue e.g dehydrated muscles
38
What are Red Blood Cells ? Function ? Features ?
Flattened Disk Shapes No Nucleus Makes up around 45% of Blood 2-3 Months Lifespan Carries Oxygen Carries Haemoglobin from oxyhaemoglobin At Rest : Carries oxygen to required areas At Exercise : Carry oxygen to working muscles Carry carbon dioxide and metabolic by products away from muscles
39
What are White Blood Cells ? Function ? Features ?
Makes up about 1% of Blood Ingest Pathogens Produce Antibodies Produce Antitoxins At Rest : Fight infection and disease by destroying bacteria At Exercise : Increased activity to keep athletes healthy to perform
40
What are Platelets ? Function ? Features ?
Prevent Bleeding Plug Holes Thrombocytes At Rest : Form blood clots at damaged tissue to prevent infection and blood loss At Exercise : Prevent bleeding when active muscle is damaged
41
What HR is Sub-maximal ?
Around 60-80% of maximum HR
42
What HR is Maximal ?
Around 90% of maximum HR
43
Short Term Effects on CV System :
Positive : Increased HR Increased Cardiac Output Increased Stroke Volume Linearly to about 50-60% intensity - Plateaus due to limiting blood capacity of left ventricle Decreased Blood Viscosity Increased Temperature - Red Skin causes capillaries to cool surface of skin Increased Venus Return Increased Blood Flow Activation of Vascular Shunting Negative : Increased Blood Pressure
44
Long Term Effects on CV System :
Positive : Capillariation Decreased Resting HR Cardiac Hypertrophy Increased Resting and Exercising SV Increased Blood Flow Increased Resting and Exercising Q Decrease Resting Blood Pressure Negative : Heart Strain
45
Effects of a Warm Up on CV System :
- Increase Blood Flow - Increase Venus Return - Vascular Shunt Activation Vasodilation at Muscles Vasoconstriction at Organs - Decrease Blood Viscosity - Increase disassociation of 02 from haemoglobin in muscle tissues
46
Effects of a Cool Down on CV System :
- Slowly Decreases HR - Prevents Blood Pooling - Maintains Venus Return - Maintains Dilation of capillaries to speed up waste product removal
47
What does VCC Stand For?
Vascular Control Center
48
What does SNS Stand For?
Sympathetic Nervous System - Activates Fight or Flight Response
49
What are Chemoreceptors?
Nerve cells that detect changes in body composition
50
What are Baroreceptors?
Nerve cells that detect changes in blood pressure
51
VSM Process : ( Vascular Shunt )
Chemoreceptors + Baroreceptors - Brain - SNS - Vasodilation of Arteries + Arterioles - Vasodilation of Pre-Capillary Sphincters

Physical Education - YR12 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions