Topic ONE - Section FOUR - Respiratory System Flashcards
Main Function of the Respiratory System :
- Oxygenate red blood cells
- Removal of Carbon dioxide from muscles
- Increase Body Temperature
Components of the Respiratory System :
- Nasal Cavity / Mouth
- Larynx
- Pharynx
- Epiglottis
- Trachea
- Bronchi / Bronchus
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
- Rib Cage
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Abdominals
- Pectorals
- Diaphragm
- Intercostal Muscles
What is Gaseous Exchange :
- The Exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide
- As oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream
- Carbon dioxide from the blood moves to the lungs
- Occurs at the Alveoli and Capillaries
Capillary : Carbon dioxide to Oxygen
Alveoli : Oxygen to Carbon dioxide
During Gaseous Exchange , Diffusion occurs moving both substances from a High to Low Partial Pressure
Features of the Alveoli :
Function :
- One Cell Thick
- Surrounded by Capillaries
- High Surface Area
- Very Deep
- Allow Gaseous Exchange
Features of the Epiglottis :
- Made of Cartilage
- Prevent Food entering the Trachea
Features of the Pharynx :
- Made of Cartilage and muscle
- Prevents Air being swallowed
Features of Larynx :
Function :
- Made of Cartilage and muscle
- Directs air to the Trachea / Lungs
Features of the Nasal Cavity :
Function :
- Contains cilia which filters bacteria of the inhaled air
- Entrance of Air to enter the Respiratory System
Features of the Trachea :
Function :
- Cartilage Rings
- Direct Air Through to the Lungs
Features of the Bronchi :
Function :
- Cartilage Rings
- Direct Air Through to the Lungs
Features of the Bronchioles :
Function :
- Smaller than Bronchi / Bronchus
- Direct Air Through to the Alveoli
Features of the Intercostal Muscles :
Function :
- Muscles between the Ribs
- Contract and Relax
- Life and Lower Rib Cage
Features of the Diaphragm :
Function :
- Sheet of Muscle
- Contract and Relax
- Flatten and Dome
- Increase and Decrease Thoracic Cavity
Inhalation Changes : Rest
Diaphragm - Contracts - Flattens
Intercostal - Contract - Ribs Up and Out
Thoracic Cavity - Increase
Air Pressure - Decreases
Exhalation Changes : Rest
Diaphragm - Relaxes - Domes
Intercostals - Relaxes - Ribs Down and In
Thoracic Cavity - Decrease
Air Pressure - Increases
Inhalation Changes : Exercise
Diaphragm - Contracts - Flattens
Intercostals - Contract - Ribs Up and Out
Thoracic Cavity - Increase More
Air Pressure - Decrease More
Pectorals - Pull Ribs Further Up and Out
Sternocleidomastoid - Pulls Ribs Further Up and Out
- More air enter lungs
Exhalation Changes : Exercise
Diaphragm - Relaxes - Domes
Intercostals - Relaxes - Ribs Down and In
Thoracic Cavity - Decrease More
Air Pressure - Increase More
Abdominals - Pulls Ribs Further Down
- Forces air out quicker
Pathway of Oxygen :
Nasal Cavity / Mouth - Epiglottis - Trachea - Bronchi / Bronchus - Bronchioles - Alveoli
Gaseous Exchange - Diffusion - Capillaries - Haemoglobin - Blood - Heart - Muscles
What is Aerobic Respiration?
Equation?
- Use of oxygen
- Working at a 60-80%
- Glucose + 02 = Energy + C02 + Water
What happens in the Capillaries to oxygen?
-Haemoglobin binds to oxygen
- Produces oxyhemoglobin
What is Oxygen Demand
- How much oxygen your muscles require
What is Oxygen Debt?
- Oxygen shortage caused by a aerobic exercise
- When your muscles need more oxygen than you can supply
- Needs to be Replenished
What Measures Breathing Activity?
Spirometer
What is Total Lung Capacity?
During Exercise?
- Volume of Air in the lungs upon max effort of inspiration
- Does Not Change
