Topic list B

Question 1

B29-Peritoneum, serous duplicatures in the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Answer 1

-Peritoneum: serous membrane lining abd cavity
-Cavum peritonei
-Retroperitoneal organs: directly joined to abd wall
-Male: ing.canal w.peritoneal evagination->tunica vaginalis->scrotum
-Pars parietalis+visceralis
-Mesenteries: fold bw. 2 parts
-3 openings: hiatus aorticus+esophageus, for.v.cava
-Ligg.vesicae lat+med
Female:
-Lig.latum uteri: mesovarium, mesosalphinx, mesometrium
-Lig.suspensorium ovarii
Male:
-Plica genitalis
-Excavatio rectogenitalis+vesicogenitalis+pubovesicalis

Question 2

B28-Pleural cavity, mediastinum

Answer 2

-Pleura: covers endothoracic fascia and organs in the cavity
*Serous membrane
*Pleural sacs
*Parietal pleura: Costal, Diaphragmatic, mediastinal
-Recessus mediastini, costodiaphragmaticus
-Plica vene cava
Mediastinum
-Two serous membr, contains most organs except lungs
-Cranial, medium, caudale,
-Cavum mediastini serosum: in mediastinum cau

Question 3

B27-Trachea, lungs, blood supply and innervation

Answer 3

-From cricoid->root of lung
-Bifurcatio trachea
-Bronchi principalis sin+dext
-Pars cervicalis
-Pars thoracica
Su+Ru: bronchus trachealis (for cran lobe of R lung)
-Ligg.anularia unite cartilages
-M.trachealis
Lungs:
-In pleural sacs, form mediastinum medially
-Pleura costalis, -diaphragmaticus, -mediastinalis
-Ca, su, ru:
*Pulmoni sin: lobus cran (pars cran+cau), lobus cau
*Pulmoni dext: Lobus cau+med+cran+accessorius
-Eq: lobus cran not divided, no lobus medius
-A.bronchoesophageus: dog: R+L
-Vv.broncheales->V.azygos
-RV->Tr.pulmonalis->Vv.pulmonales->LA
-Pulmonary plexuses within mediastinum

Question 4

B26-Larynx, blood supply and innervation

Answer 4

• A.carotis comm->A.thyroidra cran->A.laryngea cran->R.laryngeus cran, r.cricothyroideus, ca: r.laryngeus
• A.thyroidea caud
• Vagus: N.laryngeus cran->mucous membrane of larynx, N.laryngeus cau=N.laryngeus recurrens->mm. (-M.cricothyroideus)

Question 5

B25-Paranasal sinus

Answer 5

• Comm. w. nasal cavity
  1. Meatus nasalis medius
  2. Meatus ethmoidalis
• Eq: 1. Rost+cau maxillary sinuses. Conchofrontal and sphenoid sinus into cau maxillary sinus.
• Ox: Palatine, mxillary and lacrimal comm. w. 1. Frontal, sphenoid and conchal into 2.
• Su: only maxillary comm. w. 1. Lacrimal and frontal sep. into 2. Also sphenoid.
• Ca: Maxillary recess comm. via large opening into 1. Frontal and sphenoid into 2.
• Sinus maxillaris, frontalis, Lacrimalis, palatinus, sphenoidalis
• Sinus frontalis: ca: lat+med+rost->2, ox: rost+cau div. by trans. septum, Eq: trans. lamellae partly div. into recesses
• Sinus lacrimalis: only su+ru
• Sinus palatinus: Ø ca+su, Eq: sinus sphenopalatinus
• Sinus sphenoidalis: Ø ca+small ru
• Apertura nasomaxillaris
• Apertura maxillopalatina
• Septum sinuum maxillarium

Question 6

B23-Hindgut of the pig and carnivores, blood supply and innervation

Answer 6

Su:
-Caecum: 3 taeniae, 3 haustria, plica iliocaecalis
-Colon ascendens: gyri centripetales+ventrifugales, flexura centralis
-Rectum: ampulla recti (both)
Su: 
-Caecum: A.caecalis (ex. ileocolica)
-Colon ascen:
*Gyri centripetalis: R.colicus
*Gyri centrifugalis: A.colica dext 
-Colon trans: A.colica media
-Colon descendens: A.colica sin
-Rectum: A.rectalis cran
-Drain into V.porta
Ca: same except:
-Colon ascen: R.colicus+A.colica dext 
-Colon descen: A.colica sin+media
Ca: 
-Caecum: ostrium cecocolicum
-Colon: flexura coli dext+sin
*descen: plica duodenocolica
Innervation:
-Symp: Ggl.+plexus mesent.cran+cau, via splanchnic nerves
-Parasymp: Vagus + pelvic nerves

Question 7

B24-Nasal cavity, blood supply and innervation

Answer 7

• Concha nasalis dors+vent
• Meatus nasi dors+med+vent
• Meatus nasalis communis
• Meatus ethmoidales
• Ductus incisivus (paired tube->oral)
• Organum vomeronasale: olfactory ducts
• Lateral nasal gland
• A.maxillaris->A.palatina descendens->A.sphenopalatina: A.nasalis cau+lat+septalis
• A..palatina descendens->A.palatina major
• N.olfactorius->N.vomeronasalis

Question 8

B22-Hindgut of horse and ruminant, bliod supply and innervation

Answer 8

Eq: 
-Caecum: Large, curvatora maj+min, Bulbus basis caeci, taenia caeci, plica ileocolica+ceacocolica, plica semilunaris, ostium ileocecale, ostium caecocolicum(w. valva)
-Colon: vent.dext, flexura sternalis, vent.dext, flexura pelvina, dors.sin, flexura diaphragmatica, dors.dext, transv, descend
-Rectum: ampulla
Ru:
-Caecum: supraomental recess
-Colon: ascen, ansa prox, ansa spiralis (gyri centripetalis, flex cent, gyri centrifugalis), ansa dist, transv, descen
Blood supply:
Eq:
-Caecum: A.caecalis med+lat
-Colon asc. vent: R.colicus 
-Colon asc. dors: A.colica dext
-Colon trans: A.colica media
-Colon desc: A.colica sin
-Rectum: A.rect.cran
Ru: same except:
-Caecum: A.caecalis
-Colon asc:
*Gyri centripetalis: Rr.colici (ex.A.ileocolica)
*Gyri centrifugalis: A.colica dext
-Colon sigmoideum: Aa.sigmoidea (ex.A.mes.cau)
Imnervation:
-Symp: decr activity
*Ggl+plexus mes. cran+cau
-Parasymp: incr activity
*Vagus
*Pelvic nerves

Question 9

B21-Spleen, omenta, blood supply and innervation

Answer 9

Spleen:
-A.lienalis
-V.lienalis ex. V.portae
-Ligg: gastrosplenicum, renosplenicum (left), phrenosplenicum
-Plexus coealica->Plexus lienalis (vagus)
Omenta major:
-A.gastroepiploica sin (A.lienalis) +dext(A.helatica)->rr.epiploici
Omenta minor:
-A.coeliaca: A.hepatica

Question 10

B20-Liver, hepatic microcirculation, pancreas, blood supply and innervation

Answer 10

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