All muscles (origin, insertion, action) Flashcards
Muscles of mastication
- M.masseter O: Ventral border of zygomatic arch I: Fossa masseterica A: close jaw, lift mandible - M.temporalis: O: Linea temporalis, fossa temporalis I: Proc.coronoideus A: close jaw, lift mandible - M.digastricus: O: Proc.paracondylaris (occipital bone) I: Ventral margin on the mandible A: Only muscle that opens mouth/jaw - Mm.pterygoideus: - lateralis: O: Vent. to canalis alaris; fissura orbitalis I: Fovea pterygoidea (mandible) A: Pulls jaw to side or forward - medialis: O: Fossa pterygopalatina I: Fossa pterygoidea (mandible) A: Closes jaw, pulls to the side (chewing) - M.mylohyoideus: O: Linea mylohyoidea I: Median raphe beneath the tongue and basihyoid A: lift the tongue
Muscles of the tongue
Intrinsic: Mm. lingua profundus? -Fibrae longitudinalis -Fibrae transversus -Fibrae ??? Extrinsic: - M.styloglossus: O: Stylohyoid bone I: Middle of the tongue A: Retract and depress the tongue - M.hyoglossus: Med. to styloglosus O: Thyrohyoid and basihyoid I: Root of tongue A: Retract and depress the tongue - M.genioglossus: O: symphysis and adjacent surface of corpus mandibula I: left and right joint at the median plane A: cau part->protrude the tounge, rostr.part: retract apex
Muscles of hyoid apparatus
- M.sternohyoideus:
O: sternum and 1st costal cartilage. Fused to deeper sternothyrohyoideus at first part
I: basihyoid
A: pull the hyoid bone, root of tongue and larynx cau. AND? - M.mylohyoideus:
O: basihyoid cau.
I: midvent. raphe, on muscle from the other side
A: support the tounge - M.geniohyoideus: Deep to mylohyoid
O: mandibular symphysis
I: basihyoid
A: draw the hyoid apparatus and larynx rostr. - M.hyothyroideus:
O: thyroid cartilage
I: thyrohyoid bone
Pharyngeal muscles
- Mm.constrictores pharyngis:
-Rostral: - M.pterygopharyngeus:
O: pterygoid bone
I: raphe of pharynx - M.palatopharyngeus
O: edge of pterygoid+palatine bone
I: pharyngeal raphe
-Medii: - M.hyopharyngeus
O: cau. surface of thyrohyoid bone
I: pharyngeal raphe
-Caudal: - M.thyropharyngeus
O: thyroid lamina
I: pharyngeal raphe - M.cricopharyngeus
O: cricoid cartilage
I: pharyngeal raphe - M.levator veli palatini:
O: tympanic part of temporal bone
I: soft palate, cau. to pterygoid bone
A: raises cau. part of soft palate - M.tensor veli palatini:
O: from cartilaginous part of auditory tube
I: pterygoid bone and med. on soft palate
A: tenses soft palate
Laryngeal muscles
- M.sternothyroideus: O: 1´st costal cartilage + manubrium I: thyroid lamina A: draw larynx + tongue caudally -???
Muscles of thoracic girdle
Superficial:
- M.sternocleidomasteoidus:
1. M.sternocephalicus: M.sternomastoideus+M.sternooccipitalis:
O: Manubrium sterni
I: M.sternomastoideus to mastoid part of temporal bone, and M.sternoocipitalis to nucheal crest of occipital bone.
A: Unilat. contraction draws head and neck to one side, bilateral contracion draws head down.
2. M.brachiocephalicus: M.cleidobrachialis +M.cleidocephalicus(“cranial”):
*M.cleidobrachialis:
O: Clavicular intersection
I: Dist. cran. surface of humerus
*M.cleidocephalicus: cleidomastoideus+cleidocervicalis
O: M.cleidomastoideus from proc.mastoideus of temporal bone. M.cleidocervicalis from raphe cervicis.
I: Clavicular intersection
A: If FL is fixed: unilat. contraction moves head lat., bilat. contraction fixes/bend down head and neck. If limb is free (elevated) it moves FL cran.
- M.omotransversarius:
O: Dist. part of spina scapula
I: Cau. border of the wing of atlas
A: Free limb; draw shoulder cran, fixed limb: flex neck lat.
- M.latissimus dorsi:
O: Fascia thoracolumbaria (+the few last ribs)
I: Tuberositas teres major
A: Draws free limb caudally and flex shoulder
- M.trapezius:
O: *Parc cervicis: raphe of neck
*pars thoracica: lig.supraspinale
I: *Pars cervicis: prox. 3/4 of spina scapulae
*pars thoracic: prox. 1/3 of spina scapulae.
A: Support trunk, elevate FL and draw cran.
-M.pectoralis superficialis: descendens+transversus
O: *-descendes: manubrium sterni
*-transversus: 1-3 sternebrae
I: Crista tuberculum majoris and upper part of crista humerii
A: Ventral connection bw. FL and trunk, adduction and draws free limb cran/cau depending on it´s position.
Deep:
- M.rhomboideus:
O: *Pars capitis: crista nuchae
*pars cervicis: raphe of neck and proc.spin. of Th1-3
*pars thoracic: proc.spin. of Th4-7.
I: Dorsomedial border of scapula
A: Elevate limb and pull base of scapula against trunk forwards/backwards
-M.pectoralis profundus:
O: All/most of sternebrae and costal cartilages of true ribs.
I: Tuberculum minor and a small aponeruosis to tub.major.
A: supports trunk, draws limb cau. and adductor of FL
- M.serratus ventralis: pars cervicalis+thoracic
O: -pars cervicalis: proc.trans. of C2-7
-pars thoracic: middle of ribs 1-8
I: Facies serrata
A: supports trunk, carry shoulder cran/cau depending on position
- Mm.scaleni: med, dors and vent
O: cran. border of the first ribs
I: transverse proc. of last 4 C vert.
*Ventralis: C3-6
*Medius: C6-7
*Dorsalis: C4-6
A: Bilat.: flex neck vent., unilat.: flex neck lat., inspiratory muscles
- M.subclavius: Ø Car
O: Manubrium sterni
I: Cran border og scapula + clavicular intersection
Carpal muscles
- M.extensor carpi radialis: O: Lat. epicondylar crest (humerus) I: Dorsal surface on base of Mc.II+III A: Strongest extensor of carpus - M.extensor carpi ulnaris: (M.ulnaris lateralis) O: Lat. epicondyle (humerus) I: Lat. aspect on base of Mc.V and accessory carpal bone A: Supports carpus, help in flexion, abduction and lat. rotation of carpal joint - M.flexor carpi radialis O: med. epidcondyle+med.border of radius I: MC3, ca: MC2+3 - M.flexor carpi ulnaris: caput humerale+ulnare O: *caput humerale: med. epicondyle *caput ulnare: olecranon I: accessory carpal bone A: Flex carpus
Muscles of radioulnar joint
- M.supinator brevis (ca+su) O: Lat. epicondyle and lig. collateral lat. I: Cranioprox. of radius A: Supinate - rotates lat. - M.brachioradialis: (M.supinator longus) mainly Fe, 30% Ca O: Crista epicondylus lat. (humerus) I: Dist. med. of radius A: Supinates - rotates lat. - M.pronator teres: Ø Eq O: Med. epicondyle (humerus) I: Craniomed. surface prox. of radius A: Pronates forearm - rotate med. - M.pronator quadratus: Ca Connects the apposed surfaces of radius and ulna, fills interosseous space. A: Pronates forearm - rotate med.
Digital extensors of FL
- M.extensor digitorum communis
O: Lat. epicondyle (humerus)
I: Proc. extensorius of dist. phalanges II-V
A: Extend carpus and joints of digits II-V - M.extensor digitorum lateralis
O: Lig.collaterale lat. and lat. epicondyle
I: Unites with tendon of common dig.ext. and interosseus muscles, insert on prox. end of phalanges III-V, mainly proc. ext.
A: Extend carpus and joints of digits III-V - M.abductor digiti pollicis (1) longus
O: Adjacent lat. surface of radius and ulna, and the interosseous membrane
I: Med. on the prox. base of Mc.I
A: Abduct and extend the 1. digit - M. extensor digiti pollicis et indicis
*Only Car - other: M.extensor indicis
O: Middle 1/3 of lat. border of ulna
I:
*Pollicis: head of Mc.1
*Indicis: unites w. tendon of com.dig.ext. to insert on dist Ph. of digit II
A: Extend digits I and II and adduct the dew claw - M.extensor pollicis longus et indicis: only Ca, others: M.extensor indicis
O: Lat. epicondyle + lat. collat. lig. ????
I: Digit 1+2
A: Ext. dig. 1+2 + dew claw
Digital flexors of FL
- M. flexor digitorum superficialis O: Med. epicondyle (humerus) I: Palmar surface on base of middle phalanx II-V A: Flex carpus, the metacarpophalangeal and prox. interphalangeal joints of digit II-V - M.flexor digitorum profundus: O: *caput humerale: med. epicondule *caput radiale: prox. half of radius *caput ulnare: prox. half caudally of ulna I: Palmar of dist Ph I-V (tub.flex) A: Flex carpus+digits I-V+help fixing fetlock - M.interflexoria: (Ø Eq) binds tendons of DDF+SDF - M.interosseus O: prox. part of MC I: ses. bone of 1st dig. joint A: flex metacarpophalangeal joint - M.lumbricales (Car+Eq) O: abaxial border of tendon of DDF I: prox. end of 1st phalanx A: flex first digital joint - M. flexor digitalis brevis O: SDF tendon at level of carpus I: transverse lig. of MC-phalangeal joint of 5th digit A: assist in flexing
Medial hip muscles
- M.gracilis:
O: Symphysis pelvis
I: Medially on tibial crest, fascia cruris and tuber calcanei
A: Adducts hindlimb, extends hip, flexes stifle, extends tarsus - M.pectineus:
O: Pecten ossis pubis, prepubic tendon
I: Labium mediale ossis femoris (femur)
A: Adduction of thigh - M.adductor: longus and magnus et brevis
O:
*longus: ramus cran. ossis pubis
*magnus et brevis: symphisis pelvis, ramus cau. ossis pubis and ramus ossis ischii
I: Facies aspera and labium laterale of femur
A: Adducts hindlimb and extends hip - M.sartorius: pars cran et cau
O: Tuber coxae
I: pars cran: above stifle, cau: below stifle
A: flex hip, ext stifle
Caudal hip muscles
- M.semitendinosus:
O: Tub. ischiadicum
I: Tibial crest (med.) and tub.calcanei by means of an accessory tendon
A: Ext. hip, flex stifle and ext. the hock - M.semimembronusus:
Cranial and caudal belly
O: Tub.ishiadicum
I:
*Cranial: labium med. + condylus med. (femur)
*Caudal: condylus med. of tibia
A: Ext. the hip, flex stifle joint - M.abductor cruris caudalis:
O: Sacrotuberous lig.
I: Dissapears in crural fascia on lat. side.
A: Abduct HL, flex stifle - M.biceps femoris: Cran+cau part
O:
*pars cranials: sacrotuberous lig.
*pars caudalis: tuber ischiadicum
I: Fascia lata, crural fascia (patella), lig.patellae, tuberositas tibiae and tibial crest, and tuber calcanei by an accessory tendon
A: Extend hip and hock. It´s cran. part extends and the caud. part flexes the stifle.
Muscles of pelvic girdle
- M.psoas minor:
O: Bodies of last few Th. and first 5 L. vertebrae
I: Arcuate line of iliac bone - near the iliopubic eminence
A: When the vertebral column is fixed; to draw pelvis into a deeper position. When the pelvis is fixed; arch the lumbar region and flex vertebral column. - M.quadratus lumborum:
O: Ventrally on 11-13 Th. vert., proc.trans. of L. vert. and last 2 ribs
I: Medial surface of ala ossis ilii (iliac wing)
A: To fix and flex the L.vert. column dorsally - M.iliopsoas: M.psoas major and M.iliacus medialis et lateralis
O:
*M.psoas major: ventrally from bodies and proc.trans. of L.vert.
*M.iliacus: bw. arcuate line and lat. border of ilium (blends with m.psoas major)
I: Both on trochanter minor of femur.
A: Draws pelvic limb forward by flexing the hip. When femur is fixed; flexion and fixation of vert. column.
Dorsal hip muscles
- M.gluetus superficialis: O: Sacrum and 1´st caudal vertebrae. Partly from the sacrotuberous lig. I: Tuberositas glutea (below trochanter major) A: Extend the hip, draw limb backward - M.gluteus medius: O: Crista iliaca and the gluteal surface of iliac bone. I: Trochanter major (femur) A: Strongest extensor of hip joint - M.gluteus profundus: O: Gluteal surface and body of iliac bone I: Trochanter major (femur) A: Extension of the hip - M.gluteus accessorius: only Ungulates - M.piriformis: O: Last sacral and first caudal vertebrae I: Trochanter major (femur) A: Extend the hip joint, adduct the limb - M.caudofemoralis: only cats O: 2-4 caud. vert. I: Fascia lata + patella A: Ext + abduct hip joint - M.tensor fascia lata: O: Tuber coxae I: lateral femoral fascia A: Tense fascia lata, FLEX hip, ext stifle
Deep hip muscles:
- M.obturatorius externus:
O: Outer surface of pelvis, around the for.obturatum
I: Fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: Supination - lat. rotation of HL - M.obturatorius internus:
O: Inner surface of pelvis, around the for.obturatum
I: Fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: Supination - lat. rotation of HL - M.gemelli:
O: Lat. side on corpus ossis ischii (vent. aspect of sacrum)
I: Fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: Supination - lat. rotation of HL - M.quadratus femoris:
O: Vent. surface of cau part of tabula ossis schii
I: Fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: Extension of hip joint and lat. rotation of HL.
Muscles of stifle joint
M.popliteus
O: Fossa m.politei on condylus lat. of femur
I: Twist cau. under lig.collaterale lat., then inserts cau. on prox. of tibia, on linea m.politei
A: Flexes stifle, rotates leg medially
- M.quadriceps femoris:
O: -rectus femoris: body of ilium
-vastus lat: prox. craniolat of femur
-vastus med: prox craniomed
-vastus intermedius: prox cran
I: tuberositas tibia, tibial crest
A: strengest extensors of stifle, flex hip
