All muscles (origin, insertion, action) Flashcards
Muscles of mastication
- M.masseter O: Ventral border of zygomatic arch I: Fossa masseterica A: close jaw, lift mandible - M.temporalis: O: Linea temporalis, fossa temporalis I: Proc.coronoideus A: close jaw, lift mandible - M.digastricus: O: Proc.paracondylaris (occipital bone) I: Ventral margin on the mandible A: Only muscle that opens mouth/jaw - Mm.pterygoideus: - lateralis: O: Vent. to canalis alaris; fissura orbitalis I: Fovea pterygoidea (mandible) A: Pulls jaw to side or forward - medialis: O: Fossa pterygopalatina I: Fossa pterygoidea (mandible) A: Closes jaw, pulls to the side (chewing) - M.mylohyoideus: O: Linea mylohyoidea I: Median raphe beneath the tongue and basihyoid A: lift the tongue
Muscles of the tongue
Intrinsic: Mm. lingua profundus? -Fibrae longitudinalis -Fibrae transversus -Fibrae ??? Extrinsic: - M.styloglossus: O: Stylohyoid bone I: Middle of the tongue A: Retract and depress the tongue - M.hyoglossus: Med. to styloglosus O: Thyrohyoid and basihyoid I: Root of tongue A: Retract and depress the tongue - M.genioglossus: O: symphysis and adjacent surface of corpus mandibula I: left and right joint at the median plane A: cau part->protrude the tounge, rostr.part: retract apex
Muscles of hyoid apparatus
- M.sternohyoideus:
O: sternum and 1st costal cartilage. Fused to deeper sternothyrohyoideus at first part
I: basihyoid
A: pull the hyoid bone, root of tongue and larynx cau. AND? - M.mylohyoideus:
O: basihyoid cau.
I: midvent. raphe, on muscle from the other side
A: support the tounge - M.geniohyoideus: Deep to mylohyoid
O: mandibular symphysis
I: basihyoid
A: draw the hyoid apparatus and larynx rostr. - M.hyothyroideus:
O: thyroid cartilage
I: thyrohyoid bone
Pharyngeal muscles
- Mm.constrictores pharyngis:
-Rostral: - M.pterygopharyngeus:
O: pterygoid bone
I: raphe of pharynx - M.palatopharyngeus
O: edge of pterygoid+palatine bone
I: pharyngeal raphe
-Medii: - M.hyopharyngeus
O: cau. surface of thyrohyoid bone
I: pharyngeal raphe
-Caudal: - M.thyropharyngeus
O: thyroid lamina
I: pharyngeal raphe - M.cricopharyngeus
O: cricoid cartilage
I: pharyngeal raphe - M.levator veli palatini:
O: tympanic part of temporal bone
I: soft palate, cau. to pterygoid bone
A: raises cau. part of soft palate - M.tensor veli palatini:
O: from cartilaginous part of auditory tube
I: pterygoid bone and med. on soft palate
A: tenses soft palate
Laryngeal muscles
- M.sternothyroideus: O: 1´st costal cartilage + manubrium I: thyroid lamina A: draw larynx + tongue caudally -???
Muscles of thoracic girdle
Superficial:
- M.sternocleidomasteoidus:
1. M.sternocephalicus: M.sternomastoideus+M.sternooccipitalis:
O: Manubrium sterni
I: M.sternomastoideus to mastoid part of temporal bone, and M.sternoocipitalis to nucheal crest of occipital bone.
A: Unilat. contraction draws head and neck to one side, bilateral contracion draws head down.
2. M.brachiocephalicus: M.cleidobrachialis +M.cleidocephalicus(“cranial”):
*M.cleidobrachialis:
O: Clavicular intersection
I: Dist. cran. surface of humerus
*M.cleidocephalicus: cleidomastoideus+cleidocervicalis
O: M.cleidomastoideus from proc.mastoideus of temporal bone. M.cleidocervicalis from raphe cervicis.
I: Clavicular intersection
A: If FL is fixed: unilat. contraction moves head lat., bilat. contraction fixes/bend down head and neck. If limb is free (elevated) it moves FL cran.
- M.omotransversarius:
O: Dist. part of spina scapula
I: Cau. border of the wing of atlas
A: Free limb; draw shoulder cran, fixed limb: flex neck lat.
- M.latissimus dorsi:
O: Fascia thoracolumbaria (+the few last ribs)
I: Tuberositas teres major
A: Draws free limb caudally and flex shoulder
- M.trapezius:
O: *Parc cervicis: raphe of neck
*pars thoracica: lig.supraspinale
I: *Pars cervicis: prox. 3/4 of spina scapulae
*pars thoracic: prox. 1/3 of spina scapulae.
A: Support trunk, elevate FL and draw cran.
-M.pectoralis superficialis: descendens+transversus
O: *-descendes: manubrium sterni
*-transversus: 1-3 sternebrae
I: Crista tuberculum majoris and upper part of crista humerii
A: Ventral connection bw. FL and trunk, adduction and draws free limb cran/cau depending on it´s position.
Deep:
- M.rhomboideus:
O: *Pars capitis: crista nuchae
*pars cervicis: raphe of neck and proc.spin. of Th1-3
*pars thoracic: proc.spin. of Th4-7.
I: Dorsomedial border of scapula
A: Elevate limb and pull base of scapula against trunk forwards/backwards
-M.pectoralis profundus:
O: All/most of sternebrae and costal cartilages of true ribs.
I: Tuberculum minor and a small aponeruosis to tub.major.
A: supports trunk, draws limb cau. and adductor of FL
- M.serratus ventralis: pars cervicalis+thoracic
O: -pars cervicalis: proc.trans. of C2-7
-pars thoracic: middle of ribs 1-8
I: Facies serrata
A: supports trunk, carry shoulder cran/cau depending on position
- Mm.scaleni: med, dors and vent
O: cran. border of the first ribs
I: transverse proc. of last 4 C vert.
*Ventralis: C3-6
*Medius: C6-7
*Dorsalis: C4-6
A: Bilat.: flex neck vent., unilat.: flex neck lat., inspiratory muscles
- M.subclavius: Ø Car
O: Manubrium sterni
I: Cran border og scapula + clavicular intersection
Carpal muscles
- M.extensor carpi radialis: O: Lat. epicondylar crest (humerus) I: Dorsal surface on base of Mc.II+III A: Strongest extensor of carpus - M.extensor carpi ulnaris: (M.ulnaris lateralis) O: Lat. epicondyle (humerus) I: Lat. aspect on base of Mc.V and accessory carpal bone A: Supports carpus, help in flexion, abduction and lat. rotation of carpal joint - M.flexor carpi radialis O: med. epidcondyle+med.border of radius I: MC3, ca: MC2+3 - M.flexor carpi ulnaris: caput humerale+ulnare O: *caput humerale: med. epicondyle *caput ulnare: olecranon I: accessory carpal bone A: Flex carpus
Muscles of radioulnar joint
- M.supinator brevis (ca+su) O: Lat. epicondyle and lig. collateral lat. I: Cranioprox. of radius A: Supinate - rotates lat. - M.brachioradialis: (M.supinator longus) mainly Fe, 30% Ca O: Crista epicondylus lat. (humerus) I: Dist. med. of radius A: Supinates - rotates lat. - M.pronator teres: Ø Eq O: Med. epicondyle (humerus) I: Craniomed. surface prox. of radius A: Pronates forearm - rotate med. - M.pronator quadratus: Ca Connects the apposed surfaces of radius and ulna, fills interosseous space. A: Pronates forearm - rotate med.
Digital extensors of FL
- M.extensor digitorum communis
O: Lat. epicondyle (humerus)
I: Proc. extensorius of dist. phalanges II-V
A: Extend carpus and joints of digits II-V - M.extensor digitorum lateralis
O: Lig.collaterale lat. and lat. epicondyle
I: Unites with tendon of common dig.ext. and interosseus muscles, insert on prox. end of phalanges III-V, mainly proc. ext.
A: Extend carpus and joints of digits III-V - M.abductor digiti pollicis (1) longus
O: Adjacent lat. surface of radius and ulna, and the interosseous membrane
I: Med. on the prox. base of Mc.I
A: Abduct and extend the 1. digit - M. extensor digiti pollicis et indicis
*Only Car - other: M.extensor indicis
O: Middle 1/3 of lat. border of ulna
I:
*Pollicis: head of Mc.1
*Indicis: unites w. tendon of com.dig.ext. to insert on dist Ph. of digit II
A: Extend digits I and II and adduct the dew claw - M.extensor pollicis longus et indicis: only Ca, others: M.extensor indicis
O: Lat. epicondyle + lat. collat. lig. ????
I: Digit 1+2
A: Ext. dig. 1+2 + dew claw
Digital flexors of FL
- M. flexor digitorum superficialis O: Med. epicondyle (humerus) I: Palmar surface on base of middle phalanx II-V A: Flex carpus, the metacarpophalangeal and prox. interphalangeal joints of digit II-V - M.flexor digitorum profundus: O: *caput humerale: med. epicondule *caput radiale: prox. half of radius *caput ulnare: prox. half caudally of ulna I: Palmar of dist Ph I-V (tub.flex) A: Flex carpus+digits I-V+help fixing fetlock - M.interflexoria: (Ø Eq) binds tendons of DDF+SDF - M.interosseus O: prox. part of MC I: ses. bone of 1st dig. joint A: flex metacarpophalangeal joint - M.lumbricales (Car+Eq) O: abaxial border of tendon of DDF I: prox. end of 1st phalanx A: flex first digital joint - M. flexor digitalis brevis O: SDF tendon at level of carpus I: transverse lig. of MC-phalangeal joint of 5th digit A: assist in flexing
Medial hip muscles
- M.gracilis:
O: Symphysis pelvis
I: Medially on tibial crest, fascia cruris and tuber calcanei
A: Adducts hindlimb, extends hip, flexes stifle, extends tarsus - M.pectineus:
O: Pecten ossis pubis, prepubic tendon
I: Labium mediale ossis femoris (femur)
A: Adduction of thigh - M.adductor: longus and magnus et brevis
O:
*longus: ramus cran. ossis pubis
*magnus et brevis: symphisis pelvis, ramus cau. ossis pubis and ramus ossis ischii
I: Facies aspera and labium laterale of femur
A: Adducts hindlimb and extends hip - M.sartorius: pars cran et cau
O: Tuber coxae
I: pars cran: above stifle, cau: below stifle
A: flex hip, ext stifle
Caudal hip muscles
- M.semitendinosus:
O: Tub. ischiadicum
I: Tibial crest (med.) and tub.calcanei by means of an accessory tendon
A: Ext. hip, flex stifle and ext. the hock - M.semimembronusus:
Cranial and caudal belly
O: Tub.ishiadicum
I:
*Cranial: labium med. + condylus med. (femur)
*Caudal: condylus med. of tibia
A: Ext. the hip, flex stifle joint - M.abductor cruris caudalis:
O: Sacrotuberous lig.
I: Dissapears in crural fascia on lat. side.
A: Abduct HL, flex stifle - M.biceps femoris: Cran+cau part
O:
*pars cranials: sacrotuberous lig.
*pars caudalis: tuber ischiadicum
I: Fascia lata, crural fascia (patella), lig.patellae, tuberositas tibiae and tibial crest, and tuber calcanei by an accessory tendon
A: Extend hip and hock. It´s cran. part extends and the caud. part flexes the stifle.
Muscles of pelvic girdle
- M.psoas minor:
O: Bodies of last few Th. and first 5 L. vertebrae
I: Arcuate line of iliac bone - near the iliopubic eminence
A: When the vertebral column is fixed; to draw pelvis into a deeper position. When the pelvis is fixed; arch the lumbar region and flex vertebral column. - M.quadratus lumborum:
O: Ventrally on 11-13 Th. vert., proc.trans. of L. vert. and last 2 ribs
I: Medial surface of ala ossis ilii (iliac wing)
A: To fix and flex the L.vert. column dorsally - M.iliopsoas: M.psoas major and M.iliacus medialis et lateralis
O:
*M.psoas major: ventrally from bodies and proc.trans. of L.vert.
*M.iliacus: bw. arcuate line and lat. border of ilium (blends with m.psoas major)
I: Both on trochanter minor of femur.
A: Draws pelvic limb forward by flexing the hip. When femur is fixed; flexion and fixation of vert. column.
Dorsal hip muscles
- M.gluetus superficialis: O: Sacrum and 1´st caudal vertebrae. Partly from the sacrotuberous lig. I: Tuberositas glutea (below trochanter major) A: Extend the hip, draw limb backward - M.gluteus medius: O: Crista iliaca and the gluteal surface of iliac bone. I: Trochanter major (femur) A: Strongest extensor of hip joint - M.gluteus profundus: O: Gluteal surface and body of iliac bone I: Trochanter major (femur) A: Extension of the hip - M.gluteus accessorius: only Ungulates - M.piriformis: O: Last sacral and first caudal vertebrae I: Trochanter major (femur) A: Extend the hip joint, adduct the limb - M.caudofemoralis: only cats O: 2-4 caud. vert. I: Fascia lata + patella A: Ext + abduct hip joint - M.tensor fascia lata: O: Tuber coxae I: lateral femoral fascia A: Tense fascia lata, FLEX hip, ext stifle
Deep hip muscles:
- M.obturatorius externus:
O: Outer surface of pelvis, around the for.obturatum
I: Fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: Supination - lat. rotation of HL - M.obturatorius internus:
O: Inner surface of pelvis, around the for.obturatum
I: Fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: Supination - lat. rotation of HL - M.gemelli:
O: Lat. side on corpus ossis ischii (vent. aspect of sacrum)
I: Fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: Supination - lat. rotation of HL - M.quadratus femoris:
O: Vent. surface of cau part of tabula ossis schii
I: Fossa trochanterica (femur)
A: Extension of hip joint and lat. rotation of HL.
Muscles of stifle joint
M.popliteus
O: Fossa m.politei on condylus lat. of femur
I: Twist cau. under lig.collaterale lat., then inserts cau. on prox. of tibia, on linea m.politei
A: Flexes stifle, rotates leg medially
- M.quadriceps femoris:
O: -rectus femoris: body of ilium
-vastus lat: prox. craniolat of femur
-vastus med: prox craniomed
-vastus intermedius: prox cran
I: tuberositas tibia, tibial crest
A: strengest extensors of stifle, flex hip
Cranial hip muscles
- M.sartorius: Pars cran+cau
O: Tuber coxae
I: Radiates into fascia lata and crural fascia.
*Pars cranialis: above stifle joint.
*Pars caudalis: below stifle joint.
A: Flex hip and ext./flex stifle - depending on which part contracts more - M.quadriceps femoris:
4 muscle bellies; rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, -medialis and -intermedius.
O:
*Rectus femoris: area m. recti femoris lat. and med.(corpus of ilium)
*The three vastuses: prox. on femur;
-med; craniomed., -lat; craniolat, -intermed; cran.
I: Patella, patellar lig. on tuberositas tibiae
A: Strongest extensor of stifle, m.rectus femoris also flex hip - M.tensor fascia lata
O: tuber coxae
I: lateral femoral fascia
A: tenses fascia lata, flex hip + ext stifle
Flexors of the hock
- M.tibialis cranialis:
O: Lat. condyle and crest of tibia
I: Med. side on os tarsi I and Mt.I+II - M. peroneus longus: (M.fibularis longus)
O: Lat. condyle of tibia, head of fibula, lat. collateral lig.
I: First os tarsi 4+5 on plantar surface, then extends to all Mt. plantar base - M.peroneus brevis: (M.fibularis brevis)
O: Lat. on dist. 1/3 of fibula (and partly on tibia)
I: Mt.V base - M.peroneus tertius: Ø Car
O: Fossa extensoria (femur)
I: Distal tarsal bones + prox. end of MT
A: Flex hock + Eq: part of passive stay apparatus
Extensors of the hock
- Tendo calcanenus communis
- M.gastrocnemicus
Caput mediale and laterale
O: Med. and lat. supracondylar tuberosities of femur (inside each heads is the sesamoid/vesalius bones)
I: Tuber calcanei (part of common calcaneal tendon)
A: Flexes stifle, extends tarsus+hock - M.tibialis caudalis:
O: Caudally on head of fibula
I: Med. at tarsus it radiates into tarsal fascia
A: Extends tarsus - M.soleus: Ø Ca
O: Prox. part of fibula
I: Tendo calcanei communis - tuber calcanei
A: Assist in extension of hock
Digital extensors of HL
- M.extensor digitorum longus
O: Fossa extensoria
I: Proc. ext. of dist. phalanx of digits II-V
A: Ext. joints of digits II-V and flexes tarsus - M.extensor digitorum lateralis
O: Prox. 1/3 of fibula
I: Unites with tendon of m.ext.dig.longus to reach dist. phalanx of digit V
A: Ext. and abduct digit V - M.extensor digiti I (hallucis) longus
O: Middle 1/3 of fibula
I: Radiates into fascia over metotarsophalangeal joint of digit II
A: Ext. digit II (and digit I if it´s present)
-M.extensor digitorum brevis
O: Dors. against MT, from CT over the hock
I: Under long extensor tendon (before it´s division)
A: Extensor of digit II-IV
Digital flexors of HL
-M.flexor digitorum superficialis
*part of common calcaneus tendon
O: Fossa supracondylaris (femur,) partly fused w. m.gastrocnemicus caput lat.
I: It´s tendo plantaris turns from med. to lat. direction around common calcanean tendon, on tuber calcanei it makes galea calcanea, then attaches to middle Ph of dig. II-V on plantar surface
A: Flex stifle, ext hock, flex joints of digits II-V
- M.flexor digitorum profundus: -lat+-med
O:
*-lateralis: prox. cau. half of fibula, prox. caudolat. of tibia and interosseous membrane
*-medialis: caudoprox. from tibia
(below tarsus the two parts unites)
I: Plantar surface of dist. phalanx of digit II-V on tuberculum flexorium
A: Ext. tarsus, flex. joints of digits II-V
- M.flexor digitalis brevis:
O: Dorsal surface of
I: W. tendon of DDF
A: Assist in flexing
- Mm.interflexorii: (Car) binds tendons of DDF+SDF
- Mm.interosseus
O: prox. part of MT
I: ses. bone of 1st dig. joint
A: flex metatarsophalangeal joint
- Mm.lumbricales (Car+Eq)
O: abaxial border of tendon of DDF
I: prox. end of 1st phalanx of digit 3-5
A: flex first digital joint
Abdominal muscles
- M.obliquus externus abdominis:
O: Spf. layer of fascia thoracolumbaris and lat. aspect of ribs 4-12
I: Fibres run caudoventrally to linea alba
A: Maintain abdominal pressure and protection of abdominal organs - M.obliquus internus abdominis:
O: Spf. layer of fascia thoracolumbaris, tuber coxae and prox. part of lig.inguinale
I: Fibres run craniovent. (///) to linea alba
A: Maintain abdominal pressure and protection - M.transversus abdominis:
O: Proc.trans. of L.vert., and med. surface on false ribs.
I: Fibres rans transversally (|||) to linea alba
A: Maintain abdominal pressure and protection - M.rectus abdominis:
O: Cranially from sternum
(Rectus sheet is formed around this muscle)
I: Pecten ossis pubis
A: Maintain abdominal pressure and protection
Muscles of the penis/testis
- M.retractor penis: (paired) O: vent. surface of few first sacrum and external anal sphincter I: apex of the penis A: retract the penis into the prepuce - M.ischiocarvernosus: (paired) O: ischiadic arch, tuber ischiadicum I: root of the penis A: reise the erect penis - M.bulbospongiosus: (unpaired) (Female: M.bulbovestibularis) O: extrapelvic continuation of M.urethralis I: prox. end of the shaft of the penis A: pulsatile contraction during ejaculation - M.ischiourethralis: O: dors. part of ischiadic tuber I: ends in internal lamina of the prepuce A: pulls prepuce cranially - M.cremaster: O: internal oblique muscle I: ??? A: raise tunica vaginalis and brings testis and epididymis closer to the ext. inguinal ring - Mm.preputialis: -Cran: O: lat. to xiphoid cartilage I: int. lamina of prepuce A: pull prepuce cran. -Cau: Ø ca O: abdominal fascia I: ext. lamina of prepuce A: retractor of penis (expose penis) - M.cremaster: O: Derived from int.obliq.m. I: Attached to lat.+dors. surface of proc. vaginalis A: Raise tunica vaginalis and brings testis and epididymis closer to to ext. ing. ring
Muscles of the head
Indirect:
- M.sternocleidomastoideus
- M.longissimus capitis
O: transverse proc. of last C and first Th vert.
I: Wing of atlas + mastoid part of temporal bone
A: Raises + bends head sideways, turns the head
- M.semispinalis:
1. M.biventer cervicis:
O: Proc. transversus Th2-4
I: Occipital bone (nuchal crest+protub.occ.ext.)
A: Bilat: ext. neck, unilat: flex head+neck lat.
2. M.complexus:
O: Proc. art. cau. C3-Th1
I: Occipital bone (nuchal crest+protub.occ.ext.)
A: Bilat: ext. neck, unilat: flex head+neck lat.
Direct:
- M.rectus capitis dorsalis major
Supf. + deep part
O: Proc. spin. of axis
I: Squama occipitalis
A: Raise head (flex atlantoocc. joint dors.)
- M.rectus capitis dorsalis minor:
O: Tuberculum dors. of atlas
I: Squama occipitalis
A: Raise head (flex atlantoocc. joint dors.)
- M.rectus capitis lateralis:
O: Vent. arch of wing of atlas
I: Proc.paracondylaris of occipital bone
A: Flex/ext. atlantoocc. joint horizontally
- M.rectus capitis ventralis:
O: Vent. arch of wing of atlas
I: Base of the skull
A: Flex atlantoocc. joint vent.
- M.obliquus capitis cranialis:
O: Ala atlantis
I: Squama occip.
A: Flex joint of head dors., incline head to the side
- M.obliquus capitis caudalis:
O: Proc. spin. of axis
I: Ala atlantis
A: Unilat: rotates head around dense of axis, bilat: fixes atlantoaxial joint
- M.longus capitis:
O: Cont. of longus colli, attached centrolat. of C vert.
I: Base of skull
A: Depress head, incline cran. part of neck
- M.splenius capitis:
O: Cont. of M.splenius cervicis
I: Squama occip.
A: Elevates head
Respiratory muscles: inspiration
- M.scalenius: dors and med (ØEq)
O: -dorsalis: trans.proc. of C4-6, -medius: of C6-7
I: cran. border of: -dors: first 4 ribs, -med: first 8 ribs - M.serratus dorsalis cranialis:
O: Fascia thoracolumbaria + proc.spin. of Th1-7
I: Prox. on ribs 2-10 - M.rectus thoracis:
O: First rib
I: Vent. on ribs 2-4 - Mm. levatores costarum:
O: Proc.trans. of Th1-12
I: Cran. borders of ribs near their angles - Mm.intercostales externus: muscle fibres run caudoventr. from cau. border of one rib to cran. border of next rib
- Diaphragm
O: vertebral column-anticlinalis
I: Xiphoid process
Respiratory muscles: expiration
- Mm.intercostales internus: muscle fibers run craniovent. from cran. border of one rib to cau. border of previous rib.
- M.subcostalis:
Crosses medial surface of ribs 9-11, in a craniovent. direction (//) inside thoracic cavity - M.serratus dorsalis caudalis:
O: Fascia thoracolumbaria
I: Prox. part of ribs 11-13 - M.transversus thoracis:
O: Inner surface of sternum
I: 2-8 costal cartilages - M.retractor costae ultimae:
O: Proc.trans. of L.1-4, cau.
I: Caud. border of last rib
Flexors of the shoulder
Flexors: - M.infraspinatus: O: Fossa infraspinati I: Tuberculum major (humerus) A: Act as a lat. collat.lig. + flex - M.teres major: O: Prox. on cau. border of scapula I: Tuberculum teres major (humerus) - M.teres minor: O: Tuberculum infraglenoidale (scapula) I: Tuberculum teres minor (humerus) - M.deltoideus: Pars acromialis (Ø Eq+su) + scapularis O: pars acromialis: acromion, pars scapularis: spina scapula I: Tuberositas deltoidea
Extensors of the shoulder
- M.supraspinatus: O: fossa supraspinata, spine and cran border of scapula I: Tuberculum majus (humerus) A: ext and stabilizes shoulder - M.subscapularis: O: fossa subscapularis I: tuberculum minus of humerus A: acts as a med. collat. lig., ext shoulder + helps maintain flexion - M.coracobrachialis: O: Proc. coracoideus (scapula) I: crest of minor tubercle - M.biceps brachii: O: tuberculum supraglenoidale I: tuberositas radii + ulnae A: ext shoulder and flex elbow - M.articularis humeri: O+I: caudal joint capsule A: renses the joint capsule
M.articularis humeri
-Only Eq (sometimes su)
O + I: caudal joint capsule
A: tenses joint capsule
Flexors of the elbow
- M.brachialis: O: caudally on neck of humerus I: tuberositas radii and tuberositas ulnae - M.biceps brachii: O: tuberculum supraglenoidale I: tuberositas radii + ulnae A: ext shoulder and flex elbow
Extensors of the elbow
- M. anconeus: O: lateral + medial epicondyle I: tuber olecrani, proc. anconeus - M. tensor fasciae antebrachii: O: detaching from m. latissimus dorsi I: medially on tuber olecrani A: tenses antebrachial fascia and ext elbow - M. triceps brachii: O: -Caput longum: distal 2/3 of margo caudalis scapulae -Caput laterale: linea m. tricipitis -Caput mediale: med. surface of humerus -Caput accessorium: neck of humerus. I: All on tuber olecrani
Cutaneus muscles of head
- M.sphinster colli superficialis (Only Car)
- M.spinster colli profundus
- M.cutaneus faciei
- M.frontalis (only Ru)
Cutaneus muscles of neck
- M.sphinster colli superficialis
- M.spinster colli profundus
- M.platysma (Only car+su)
- M.cutaneus colli profundus (Ø Car)
Cutaneus muscles of trunk
- M.cutaneus trunki
- M.preputiales (Ø Eq)
- M.cutaneus omobrachialis (only Eq+Ru)
- M.supramammarii (only female Car)
Epaxial muscles
- M.iliocostalis:
-Pars lumborum
O: ala atlantis
I: proc.trans.of L vert. + 4-5 last rib
-Pars thoracica
O: 12th rib
I: proc.trans. of C7
A: Stabilizing + expiration - M.longissmus:
O: sacrum + ilium
I:
-thoracic+lumbar: bw. proc.trans/mamill/spin on L+Th -> last C vert.
-cervicis: bw. proc.trans. of Th vert. and C vert.
-atlantis: bw. thoracic/cervical and ala atlantis
-capitis: proc. mastoideus of temporal bone
-A: incr. weighbearing capacity, unilat: flex vert.column lat. + rotate atlantoaxial joint
M.spinalis/M.spinalis et semispinalis
-M.spinalis: Eq+su, M.spinalis et semispinalis: ca+Ru
-Pars thoracic + cervicis
O: proc.spin. on L vert.
I: proc. spin. on C2-3
A: unilat: flex head/neck lat., bilat: ext./stabilize back + elevate neck
Mm.multifidi
-Pars lomborum + thoracic + cervicalis
O: mainly from proc.trans. of vert.
I: proc.spin./arcus dors. of cran. vert.
A: stabilize vert.column, lumbar region: fleck back vent., thoracic region: rotate vert.column, cervical region: elevate+flex neck lat.
M.intertransversarii
- Bw. proc.trans. of adjacent vert.
- Stabilize + flex C+L vert.column
M.interspinalis
O+I: runs bw. adjacent proc.spin.
A: flex spine vent.
Mm.rotatores
- Pars brevis + longus
- Bw. proc. trans.+spin. in cran. part of Th vert.
M.longus colli
-Pars thoracica + cervicalis
O+I: extend from body of 5/6 Th. vert. to atlas
A: flex neck
M.urethralis
- Ca, goat, Eq: surround pelvic part of urethra
- Sus, ox, sheep: covers only vent. and lat. surface of urethra
