Topic 9c- Alcohols and Carboxylic acids (paper 2)

Question 1

What is the functional grop of alcohols

Answer 1

O-H

Question 2

What is the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 2

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH

Question 3

What does it mean if an alcohol is written as propan-2-ol?

Answer 3

The OH is attatched to it’s second carbon

Question 4

What is the process called that uses yeast to produce alcohols?

Answer 4

Fermentation

Question 5

What is the word equation for the production of ethanol?

Answer 5

glucose (yeast)→ ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 6

What is the symbol equation for the production of ethanol?

Answer 6

C₆H₁₂O₆ (yeast)→ 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂

Question 7

What are the steps to produce a solution of ethanol by fermentation?

Answer 7

1. Mix yeast and a carbohydrate (e.g. glucose) in a clean container
2. seal container and leave in warm place
3. keep the mixture between 30-40°C in order for the enzyme to function
4. keep in anaerobic conditions
5. once the concentration of alcohol is ~20/30% the fermentation reaction stops as the enzymes are denatured by the acidity
6. yeast falls to the bottom of the container and the ethanol solution can be collected from the top

Question 8

What is the functional group for carboxylic acids?

Answer 8

-COOH (the carbon has one double bond to the =O and then one single bond to the -O-H)

Question 8

How can the concentration of ethanol be made above 20% (like in vodka)

Answer 8

distillation of the solution to gain a higher alcohol content

Question 9

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids

Answer 9

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH

Question 10

How are carboxcylic acids made?

Answer 10

Oxidising alcohols

Question 11

Why do members in the same homologous series have similar reactions?

Answer 11

Have the same functional group