Topic 1c- Bonding (Paper 1 + 2)

Question 1

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 1

1/1840

Question 2

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 3

1

Question 4

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 4

-1

Question 5

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 5

0

Question 6

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 6

+1

Question 7

What are isotopes?

Answer 7

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons and therefore also a different mass number.

Question 8

What is relative atomic mass?

Answer 8

The relative atomic mass is the weighted average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 the mass of a Carbon atom (12).

Question 9

How many electrons are in each shell (up to 3rd)?

Answer 9

2,8,18 (but behaves like 8)

Question 10

What holds together a substance that is ionically bonded?

Answer 10

Positive and negative ions are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction in a giant lattice structure.

Question 11

What holds together a substance that is ionically bonded?

Answer 11

Positive and negative ions are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction in a giant lattice structure.

Question 12

What are properties of ionic substances?

Answer 12

High melting and boiling points.
Hard but brittle.
Generally soluble in water.
Don’t conduct electricity in a solid state.
Do conduct electricity as liquids i.e. when molten or dissolved in water.

Question 13

What are ions?

Answer 13

Ions are charged particles.

Question 14

What substances form covalent bonds?

Answer 14

Two or more non-metals.

Question 15

What substances form ionic bonds?

Answer 15

A metal and a non-metal.

Question 16

What substances form metallic bonds?

Answer 16

Two or more metals.

Question 17

What are simple covalent substances?

Answer 17

Composed of separate molecules bonded strongly together by covalent bonds. (e.g. H20, CH4, O2…)

Question 18

What are giant covalent substances?

Answer 18

Giant covalent substances contain millions of atoms bonded together by many strong covalent bonds to form a giant molecule or macromolecule. (e.g. diamond and graphite.)

Question 19

Why are the melting and boiling points of covalent substances low?

Answer 19

Only need to overcome weak intermolecular forces that need little energy.

Question 20

Why are simple covalent substances poor conductors?

Answer 20

No ions or free electrons present.

Question 21

Why do simple covalent substances have poor solubility in water?

Answer 21

No charged particles present to be attracted to water molecules.

Question 22

What are the physical properties of simple covalent substances?

Answer 22

Low melting and boiling points.
Poor electrical conductivity.
Poor solubility in water.

Question 23

What are the physical properties of metallically bonded compounds?

Answer 23

High melting and boiling points.
Malleable and ductile.
Good conductors of electricity.
Good conductors of heat.

Question 24

Why do metallically bonded substances have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 24

Lots of energy is needed to overcome the forces of attraction between the positive ions and delocalised electrons.

Question 25

Why are metallically bonded substances malleable and ductile?

Answer 25

Layers of ions can slide over each other when force is applied.

Question 26

Why are metallically bonded substances malleable and ductile?

Answer 26

Layers of ions can slide over each jother when force is applied.

Question 27

Why are metallically bonded substances good conductors of electricity?

Answer 27

The electrons in the sea of delocalised electrons are free to move and can flow when a potential difference is applied.

Question 28

Why are metallically bonded substances good conductors of electricity?

Answer 28

The electrons in the sea of delocalised electrons are free to move and can flow when a potential difference is applied.

Question 29

Why are metallically bonded substances good conductors of electricity?

Answer 29

The electrons in the sea of delocalised electrons are free to move and can flow when a potential difference is applied.

Question 29

Why are metallically bonded substances good conductors of electricity?

Answer 29

The electrons in the sea of delocalised electrons are free to move and can flow when a potential difference is applied.

Question 30

Why are metallically bonded substances good conductors of heat?

Answer 30

The delocalised electrons gain kinetic energy when heated and move faster through the material transferring heat.

Question 31

What is an alloy?

Answer 31

Mixtures of metals where the metals are metallically bonded in a giant metal lattice.

Question 32

Why are alloys not regarded as compounds?

Answer 32

1. The metals can be separated by physical methods.
2. There is no fixed ratio for an alloy, unlike atoms in a compound.

Question 33

Why are alloys generally tougher and less malleable than pure metals?

Answer 33

The foreign metal atoms prevent the layers of metal atoms from sliding over each other, therefore they are stronger.