Topic 1b- Periodic elements (Paper 1 + 2)

Question 1

What is the word for a positively charged ion?

Answer 1

Cation

Question 2

What is the word for a negatively charged ion?

Answer 2

Anion

Question 3

What is a group and what do all the members have in common?

Answer 3

A group is a vertical column in which elements share the same number of electrons in their outer shell.

Question 4

What is a period and what do the members of the period have in common?

Answer 4

A period is a horizontal column in which elements have the same number of electron shells and therefore have similar chemical properties.

Question 5

What is another name for group 1 elements?

Answer 5

Alkali metals

Question 6

What is another name for group 2 elements?

Answer 6

Alkali earth metals.

Question 7

What are the physical properties of alkali metals?

Answer 7

Soft metals that can be cut with a knife.
Lower density.
As you go down the group the melting points become lower.

Question 8

Why are group one metals kept in oil?

Answer 8

To prevent them from reacting with the surrounding air.

Question 9

Why does reactivity increase when going down the group 1 elements?

Answer 9

As you go down the group:
The outer electron is further away from the positive nucleus causing weaker attraction.
There are more shielding inner shells
—> less attraction between outer electrons and nucleus causing them to be easily lost —> more reactive.

Question 10

What do all group 1 compounds have in common?

Answer 10

White when solid.
Soluble in water.
Colourless when in solution.

Question 11

What is oxidation?

Answer 11

When an element looses electrons.

Question 12

What is reduction?

Answer 12

When an element gains electrons.

Question 13

What type of bonding happens between halides?

Answer 13

Covalent.

Question 14

What is a halide?

Answer 14

Compound of a halogen and a non-metal.

Question 15

Give the other name for group 7 elements.

Answer 15

Halogens.

Question 16

List the physical properties of group 7 elements.

Answer 16

Diatomic molecules.
Low boiling points.
Low melting points.
More reactive as you go up the group.

Question 17

What is the trend in melting and boiling points of group 7 elements?

Answer 17

Both are low.

Question 18

What is the charge of a halide ion?

Answer 18

-1

Question 19

Explain why elements become less reactive as you go down the halogens?

Answer 19

There are more shells shielding the positively charged nucleus as you go down the group causing weaker forces of attraction to the nucleus.

Question 20

What are the properties of noble gases?

Answer 20

Full outer shells.
Very unreactive.
Group 0.

Question 21

What is the trend of boiling points and densities in the noble gases?

Answer 21

They increase as you go down the group.

Question 22

What are the properties of noble gases at room temperature?

Answer 22

Colourless, gas, monatomic.

Question 23

Define monatomic.

Answer 23

Travel as one atom, not as molecules. (e.g He vs O2)

Question 24

How do the forces of attraction between noble gases change?

Answer 24

As you go down the group, the outer shell of electrons have less attraction to the positive nucleus due to more shells shielding, and therefore are more reactive since they have greater attraction to other molecules.

Question 25

Where are transition metals on the periodic table?

Answer 25

Transition metals form a block between periods 2 and 3.

Question 26

Why do transition metals have similar properties?

Answer 26

An inner electron shell is being filled as you go across the row. This may occur because the third shell can hold up to 18 electrons.

Question 27

What are typical PHYSICAL properties of transition metals?

Answer 27

Ductile- can be pulled into a wire.
Malleable- can be hammered into shape.
Shiny.
Good conductors of heat and electricity.

Question 27

Define a catalyst.

Answer 27

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 28

What do all coloured compounds have in common?

Answer 28

A transition metal.

Question 29

Define relative atomic mass

Answer 29

The relative atomic mass of an element is the average mass of one atom of the element, compared to 1/12 the mass of one atom of Carbon-12