Topic 9.4: Reproduction in Plants Flashcards
In what processes does the success in plant reproduction depend on?
a) Pollination
b) Fertilization
c) Seed dispersal
Definition of pollination
Transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma (Self / Cross)
Relationship between pollinators and plants
Mutualistic
a) Flowering plant gains a means of sexual reproduction
b) Animal gains a source of nutrition
Definition of fertilization
Fusion of female and male gametes to form a zygote
Process of seed dispersal
Fertilization results in the formation of a seed, which disperses to reduce competition for resources
Flower structure
a) Male part (Stamen)
b) Female part (Carpel)
c) Support structure
Stamen structures
a) Anther - Pollen producing organ
b) Filament - Support of anther
Carpel structures
a) Stigma - Responsible for catching pollen
b) Style - Connection between stigma and ovary
c) Ovary - Contains ova
Support structures
a) Petals - Attract pollinators
b) Sepal - Outer covering protecting bud
c) Peduncle - Stalk of flower
What does flowering involve in the shoot apex?
Changes in gene expression (FT Protein)
Purpose of photoperiodism
Bloom under ideal conditions (Abundance of active pollinators)
Form of phytochromes
a) Pf (inactive)
b) Pfr (active)
Conversion between Pf and Pfr
a) Pf is converted into Pfr when it absorbs red light (660 nm)
b) Pfr is decomposed when absorbing far red light and reverts in the absence of light
Plants’ classification
a) Short day plants (Long nights)
b) Long day plants (Short nights)
Function of Pfr in short day plants
Pfr inhibits flowering, requiring low or no levels
