Topic 1.2: Cell Ultrastructure Flashcards

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1
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus

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2
Q

Kingdom of prokaryotes

A

Monera (Bacteria)

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3
Q

Structures of prokaryotic cells (9)

A

a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleoid
c) Plasmids
d) Ribosomes
e) Cell membrane
f) Cell wall
g) Slime capsule
h) Flagella
i) Pili

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Internal fluid component of the cell

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5
Q

Nucleoid

A

Region of the cytoplasm where DNA is locked

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6
Q

Plasmids

A

Autonomous circular DNA

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7
Q

Ribosomes

A

Complexes of RNA and protein that are responsible for polypeptide synthesis

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8
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Semipermeable and selective barrier surrounding the cell

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9
Q

Cell Wall

A

Rigid outer covering made of peptidoglycan that maintains shape and prevents bursting

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10
Q

Slime Capsule

A

A polysaccharide layer used for protection against dessication

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11
Q

Flagella

A

Slender projection that enable movement

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12
Q

Pili

A

Hair like extensions that enable adherence to surfaces and bacterial conjugation

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13
Q

Bacteria cell division

A

Binary fission

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14
Q

Binary fission process (4)

A

a) Circular DNA is copied
b) DNA loops attach to the membrane
c) Cell enlogates, separating the loops
d) Cytokinesis occurs to form two cells.

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15
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and a compartmentalised structure.

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16
Q

Structures in Eukaryotic cells (13)

A

a) Ribosomes 80S
b) Cytoskeleton
c) Plasma membrane
d) Nucleus
e) Endoplasmic Reticulum
f) Golgi Apparatus
g) Mitochondrion
h) Vesicles
i) Lysosomes
j) Flagellum
k) Centrosome
l) Chloroplast
m) Cell wall

17
Q

Ribosomes

A

Complexes of RNA and protein providing polypeptide synthesis

18
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Provides internal structure and mediates intracellular transport.

19
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Semipermeable and selective barrier surrounding the cell.

20
Q

Nucleus

A

Stores genetic material as chromatin

21
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Transports materials between organelles

22
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Involved in the sorting, storing, modification, and export of secretory products.

23
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Site of aerobic respiration (ATP production)

24
Q

Vesicles

A

Transport materials inside of a cell

25
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain digestive enzymes for breakdown of ingested food, unwanted or damaged organelles, or even the cell itself.

26
Q

Flagellum

A

Used for locomotion

27
Q

Centrosome

A

Microtubules used for cell division

28
Q

Chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis

29
Q

Cell wall

A

Provides support and mechanical strength.

30
Q

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells (4)

A

a) DNA
b) Organelles
c) Reproduction
d) Average size

31
Q

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

a) DNA

A

a) DNA is naked, circular

b) DNA linear, bound to protein

32
Q

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

b) Organelles

A

a) No nucleus, 70S Ribosomes

b) Nucleus, 80S Ribosomes

33
Q

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

c) Reproduction

A

a) Via binary fission

b) Via mitosis and meiosis

34
Q

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells

d) Average size

A

a) Small (1 - 5 mm)

b) Large (10 - 100 mm)

35
Q

Animal vs Plant Cells (4)

A

a) Chloroplast
b) Cell wall
c) Vacuole
d) Cholesterol in membrane

36
Q

Advantages of electron microscopes (2)

A

a) Higher magnification (Smaller structures)

b) Higher resolution (Clear images)