Topic 2.3: Carbohydrates and Lipids Flashcards
Monomer of carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Examples of monosaccharides
a) Fructose
b) Galactose
c) Glucose
d) Ribose
e) Deoxyribose
Formation of polysaccharides
Covalently joined by glycosidic linkages to form polymers.
Functions of polysaccharides
a) Short term energy storage
b) Structural components
c) Regognition / receptors
Examples of disaccharides
a) Sucrose
b) Maltose
c) Lactose
Examples of polysaccharides
a) Cellulose
b) Glycogen
c) Starch
Composition of cellulose
a) Composed of B-glucose subunits
b) Bound in a 1, 4 glycosidic link
Function of cellulose
Structural material found in plants
Composition of starch
a) Composed of a glucose subunits
b) Amylose (1,4) is linear, helical
c) Amylopectin (1,4 / 1,6) is branched.
Function of starch
Energy storage in plants
Composition of glycogen
a) Composed of a-glucose molecules
b) Branched with frequent 1-6 bonding.
Function of glycogen
Energy storage in animals
Lipids
Non-polar organic molecules
Examples of lipids
a) Triglyceride
b) Cholesterol
c) Phospholipid
d) Steroid
Functions of lipids (SHIPS)
a) Storage of energy
b) Hormonal roles
c) Insulation
d) Protection of organs
e) Structural roles
Triglycerides composition
a) Glycerol
b) 3 fatty acids
Tryglicerides function
Long-term energy storage
Fatty acids
Long hydrocarbon chains found in certain lipids
Saturated fatty acids
a) No double bonds
b) Solid at room temperature
Unsaturated fatty acids
a) Double bonds
b) Liquid at room temperature
Cis fatty acids
a) H atoms in the same side
b) Kink in double bond
c) Liquid at room temperature
d) Common in nature
e) Good for health
Trans fatty acids
a) H atoms on different sides
b) No kink in double bond
c) Solid at room temperature
d) Processed food
e) Bad for health
Lipoproteins
Transport fats and cholesterol in the blood
LDL (Low density lipoproteins)
Transport cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body.
HDL (High density lipoproteins)
Transport excess body cholesterol to the body
Influence of fatty acids in the levels of lipoproteins
a) Cis fats => Less cholesterol
b) Saturated fats => More cholesterol
c) Trans fats => More cholesterol
Heatlh consequences of high levels of blood cholesterol
Atherosclerosis, leads to health issues like Coronary Heart Disease.
Comparison between lipids and carbohydrates (SODAS)
a) Storage
b) Osmotic pressure
c) Digestion
d) ATP yield
e) Solubility
BMI calculation
Mass in kg / (Height in m)^2
