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Chemistry > Topic 9 - Separate Chemistry 2 > Flashcards

Topic 9 - Separate Chemistry 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you identify metal ions?

A

Flame test. Burn the compound and see what colour of fame is produced.

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2
Q

How do you test to see if metal ions are present?

A

Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide to a solution of the mystery compound. If a hydroxide precipitate forms you know metal ions are present and using the colour of the compound you can find out which metal is present.

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3
Q

How do you test for halide ions?

A

Add dilute nitric acid then silver nitrate solution to a solution of the mystery compound.

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4
Q

What colour of precipitate forms when testing for chlorine ions?

A

White

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5
Q

What colour of precipitate forms when testing for bromide ions?

A

Cream

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6
Q

What colour of precipitate forms when testing for iodine ions?

A

Yellow

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7
Q

How do you test for carbonate ions?

A

Add dilute acid to the solution. If a gas is produced, do the test for carbon dioxide. If carbon dioxide has been produced then carbonate ions are present.

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8
Q

How do you test for sulphate ions?

A

First add dilute hydrochloric acid to the solution. Then add barium chloride. If a white precipitate forms than sulphate ions are present.

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9
Q

What ion when burnt gives off a red flame?

A

Lithium

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10
Q

What ion when burnt gives off a yellow flame?

A

Sodium

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11
Q

What ion when burnt gives off a lilac flame?

A

Potassium

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12
Q

What ion when burnt gives off an orange-red flame?

A

Calcium

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13
Q

What ion when burnt gives off a blue-green flame?

A

Copper

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14
Q

What colour precipitate does aluminium solution form when sodium hydroxide is added?

A

White at first, then colourless

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15
Q

What colour precipitate does calcium solution form when sodium hydroxide is added?

A

White

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16
Q

What colour precipitate does copper solution form when sodium hydroxide is added?

A

Blue

17
Q

What colour precipitate does Iron(II) solution form when sodium hydroxide is added?

A

Green

18
Q

What colour precipitate does Iron(III) solution form when sodium hydroxide is added?

A

Brown

19
Q

What happens when you add sodium hydroxide to ammonium ions?

A

Ammonia gas is produced

20
Q

How do you test for ammonia gas?

A

By holding a piece of red litmus paper to the gas, if ammonia is present the gas will turn blue.

21
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of chemicals with the same general formula and similar chemical properties

22
Q

To form a condensation polymer, what does each monomer need to have?

A

At least two functional groups, one at each end of the molecule.

23
Q

When a carboxylic acid group reacts with an alcohol group?

A

An ester link is formed

24
Q

What happens when an ester link is formed?

A

A molecule of water is lost

25
Q

Name three naturally occurring polymers?

A

DNA
Amino acid
Carbohydrate

26
Q

NOTE: you need to know how to draw repeating units of a polymer

A

CGP guide page 99

27
Q

NOTE: I’m pretty sure you need to be able to draw condensation polymers

A

CGP guide page 100

28
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

-OH

29
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

A

-COOH

30
Q

Name the first four carboxylic acids

A

Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Propanic acid
Butanoic acid

31
Q

Name two conditions for the fermentation of alcohol

A

Temperature between 30-40°C

Anaerobic conditions

32
Q

What happens during the fermentation of ethanol when the concentration of ethanol gets above 20%?

A

The yeast dies, stopping the reaction.

33
Q

How do you make a concentration of ethanol above 20%?

A

Use fractional distillation. Ethanol has a lower boiling point than water. The ethanol will evaporate, leaving the water. When the ethanol condenses the concentrated ethanol can be collected.

34
Q

How do you test for an alkene?

A

Add bromine water to the solution and shake. The solution will go colourless if an alkene is present.

Chemistry (11 decks)

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