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CHEMISTRY > Topic 9- separate chemistry 2 > Flashcards

Topic 9- separate chemistry 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what colour flame does lithium give

A

crimson (red)

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2
Q

what colour flame does sodium give

A

yellow

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3
Q

what colour flame does potassium give

A

lilac

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4
Q

what colour flame does calcium give

A

orange-red

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5
Q

what colour flame does copper give

A

blue-green

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6
Q

how do you carry the flame test out

A

-clean a nichrome wire loop by dipping it in hydrochloric acid and then rinsing in distilled water
-then dip wire loop in sample of the metal compound and put loop in clear blue part of flame of bunsen flame
-record the colour

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7
Q

how do you carry out the test that uses hydroxide precipitates to tell which metal ion was in a compound

A

add a few drops of sodium hydroxide to the mystery compound, if hydroxide precipitate forms look at the colour

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8
Q

what colour precipitate does aluminium Al3+ give

A

white at first and then redissolves in excess NaOH to form colourless solution

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9
Q

what colour precipitate does calcium Ca2+ give

A

white

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10
Q

what colour precipitate does Copper Cu2+ give

A

Blue

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11
Q

what colour precipitate does Iron(ll) Fe2+ give

A

green

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12
Q

what colour precipitate does Iron(lll) Fe3+ give

A

Brown

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13
Q

how do work out if a substance contains ammonium ions

A

add sodium hydroxide solution and gently heat, if ammonia gas is given off it contains ammonium ions

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14
Q

how do you test for ammonia gas

A

hold a piece of damp red litmus paper over it, it gas is ammonia it will turn blue

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15
Q

how do you test for halide ions

A

add some dilute nitric acid (to get rid of carbonate atoms) followed by a few drops of silver nitrate solution

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16
Q

what colour precipiatate does chloride give

A

white, silver chloride

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17
Q

what colour precipitate does bromide give

A

cream, silver bromide

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18
Q

what colour precipitate does iodide give

A

yellow, silver iodide

19
Q

how to test for carbonate atoms

A

add some dilute acid, if mixture fizzes there are carbonate atoms present because the carbonate will react to the acid to produce CO2

20
Q

how to test for CO2

A

bubble gas through limewater, if it goes milky carbon dioxide is present

21
Q

how to test for sulfate ions

A

-add dilute HCl, stops any precipitation reactions not involving sulfate ions from taking place
- add barium chloride solution, if there are sulfate ions in the solution a white precipitate of barium sulfate will form

22
Q

what are the advantages of using machines to analyse unknown substances

A
  • very sensitive- can detect even the tiniest amounts of substances
    -very fast and test can be automated
    -very accurate- they dont invlove human error, like manual analysis does
23
Q

what general formula do alkanes have

A

CnH2n+2

24
Q

are alkanes saturated or unsaturated

A

saturated, all the atoms have formed bonds with as many other atoms as they can

25
Q

what is the general formula of alkenes

A

CnH2n

26
Q

are alkenes unsaturated or saturated

A

unsaturated, because they can make more bonds, the double bonds can open up, allowing two the two carbon atoms to bond with other atoms

27
Q

how can you test for alkenes

A

use bromine water, when shaken together, an alkene will decolourise bromine water, turning it from orange to colourless because an addition reaction takes place where bromine is added across the alkene double bond

28
Q

what happens to hydrocarbons in combustion reactions

A

they’re oxidised to form carbon dioxide and water

29
Q

how are polymers made

A

by joining up lots of small repeating units called monomers

30
Q

what is addition polymerisation

A

when alkenes open up their double bonds and join together to form polymer chains

31
Q

how do you draw the displayed formula of an addition polymer from the displayed formula of its monomer

A

join carbons in a row with no double bonds, stick a pair of brackets around the repeating bit and put an ‘n’ after it, also put a bond from each of the two carbons in the chain to show the chain continues

32
Q

what are the properties and uses of Poly(ethene)

A

uses: plastic bags, bottles, wire insulator
properties: flexible, electrical insulator, cheap

33
Q

what are the properties and uses of Poly(propene)

A

uses: crates, furniture, ropes
properties: flexible, strong, tough, mouldable

34
Q

what are the properties and uses of Poly(chloroethene) (PVC)

A

uses: window frames, water pipes
properties: tough, cheap

35
Q

what are the properties and uses of poly(tetrafluoroethene) (PTFE)

A

uses: non-stick pans, waterproof clothing
properties: unreactive, tough, non-stick

36
Q

what is condensation polymerisation

A

when two different types of monomers react together and bonds form between them, making polymer chains

37
Q

what re the negatives of disposing of polymers by landfill

A

valuable land is used up and polymers are non-biodegradable so wont be broken down by microorganisms

38
Q

what are the negatives of disposing of polymers by combustion

A

toxic gases are produced as well as CO2 which is bad for the environment

39
Q

advantages of recycling polymers

A

reduces waste and emissions of bad gases, uses up less water and energy resources than making new polymers, saves money, makes jobs, less crude oil is used up

40
Q

disadvantages of polymers

A

must be separated which is expensive and annoying, if the polymers are mixed the quality is worse, polymers can only be recycled a finite number of times, melting of polymers releases toxic gases

41
Q

what is the formula of alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

42
Q

what are the first four alcohols in the homologous series

A

methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol

43
Q

what is a dehydration reaction

A

when a mixture oof alcohol and an acid catalyst are heated, and an alkene and water are formed

44
Q

i dont have the strength left in me to do the rest of this

A

sorry :(

CHEMISTRY (16 decks)

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