sc5 + 6 ionic bondibg and covalent bonding Flashcards
what do we use to show how ionic compounds are formed
dot and cross diagrams
what happens when a metal and a non metal react together
the metal atom loses electrons to form a positive ion, and the non metal gains these electrons to form a negative ion
what properties do ionic compounds have
high melting points and boiling points due to strong attraction between ions, don’t conduct electricity because the ions are fixed in place apart from when a liquid, many dissolve easily in water
what structure do ionic compounds have
giant ionic lattice structures
when is a covalent bond formed
when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms
whatvare the properties if simple molecular substances
melting and boiling points low as as the intermolecular forces are very weak, don’t conduct electricity because they don’t contain any free electrons or ions
what are the properties of giant covalent structures
very high melting and boiling points as lots of energy is needed to break the covalent bonds, don’t contain charged particles so don’t conduct electricity aren’t soluble in water
what are examples if carbon-based giant covalent structures
diamond, graphite, graphene
what are the properties if diamond
made up of a network of carbon atoms that each form four covalent bonds, high melting point as strong covalent bonds, they also hold the atoms in a rigid lattice structure making diamond really hard (🥵) doesn’t conduct electricity
what are the properties of graphite
each carbon atom only forms three covalent bonds creating sheets of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons, soft and slippery good for lubricating (🥵) as there aren’t any covalent bonds between the layers, high melting point, conducts electricity easily
what are the properties if graphene
one layer of graphite, sheet of carbon atoms joined together by hexagons,one sheet thick
