BIG DADDY TOPIC 1 Flashcards
Balance the equation: Fe+Cl2—–>FeCl3
2Fe+3Cl2—->2FeCl3
what is the formula for water
H2O
what is the formula for ammonia
NH3
what is the formula for ammonium
NH4+
what is the formula for nitrate and sulfate
NO3- SO42-
what are the formula for hydroxide and carbonate
OH- CO32-
how do you write ionic equations
take out any aqueous ions that are present on both sides of the equation
what does the nucleus of an atom contain
protons and neutrons
how do calculate the amount of neutrons in an atom
subtract the atomic number from the mass number
what are isotopes
are different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
how do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an element from its isotopic abundances
multiply each relative atomic mass by its isotopic abundance and add up the result, divide by sum of abundance
what side of the periodic table are the metals
left
what type of diagram do you use to show an ionic bond
dot and cross
what is an ionic bond
when a metal and a non metal react together, the metal atoms loses electrons to form a positive ion and the non metal gains these electrons to form a negative ion
what structure do ionic compounds
regular lattice structure
what are the properties of ionic compounds
high melting and boiling points, don’t conduct electricity, dissolve in water and conduct electric currents when in the solution
adv and disadv of 2D representations
show what atoms there are and how they are connected, don’t give idea of size and shape
adv and disadv of dot and cross
show how things are formed and where the electrons came from but dont show size or arrangement
adv and disadv of 3D models
show arrangement but only show outer layer of substance
adv and disadv of ball and stick models
help visualize structure, realistic but make it seem like there are big gaps between atoms dont show correct scales of atoms or ions
what is a covalent bond
a strong bond that forms when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms
what are the properties of simple molecular substances
melting and boiling points very low, gases or liquids at room temp, dont conduct electricity
what are the properties of giant covalent structures
high melting and boiling points, don’t conduct electricity apart from graphite and graphene, aren’t soluble
tell me about diamonds
made up of a network or carbon atoms, four covalent bonds, high bp and mp, its rlly hard ;) doesnt conduct electricity
tell me about graphite
three covalent bonds, sheets of atoms in hexagons, ideal lubricating material ;) high mp, conduct electricity
tell me about graphene
one layer of graphite, one atom thick sheet
what is metallic bonding
the electrons in the outer shell of the metal atoms are delocalised, strong forces between positive metal ions and negative electrons
properties of metals
strong, high mp and bp, shiny at room temp, not soluble, dense, some malleable, good conductors
in a chemical reaction what does it tell you if the mass has increased
one of the reactant is gas and the products are aqueous, solids or liquids
in a chemical reaction what does it tell you if the mass decreases
reactants are solids, liquids or aqueous and one of the products is a gas
how to calculate number of moles
mass in g/ Mr of compound or Ar of element
how to calulate the concentration
mass/volume
how do you find the empirical formula
work out how many moles of each element you have, then work out the smallest whole number ratio
what is a limiting reactant
that reactant that’s used up, once used up the reaction will stop
