topic 4 extracting metals Flashcards
what happens in oxidation
the reaction with or the addition or oxygen
what happens in reduction
the removal of oxygen
what does a reactivity series show
how easily metals are oxidised
are the least reactive in a reactivity series more or less resistant to oxidation
more resistant
what is the reactivity like or something that when added to dilute hydrochloric acid fizzes vigorously
very reactive
how do you show that hydrogen is formed
using a burning splint if it makes a squeaky pop
what is the little thing i made up for the reactivity series
pink socks can make a cat zoom if he can see gold
OILRIG?
oxidation is loss reduction is gain
what is a displacement reaction
when a more reactive displaces a less reactive one
how does carbon extract a metal from its ore
by reduction, the carbon removes the oxygen and forms CO2 and the metal
what metals are extracted using electrolysis
potassium sodium calcium magnesium aluminium
what metals are extracted by reduction using carbon
zinc iron tin copper silver
what metals are found uncombined
gold and silver
what is a con of using electrolysis to extract metals
expensive
what is bioleaching
uses bacteria to separate metals from their ore, they get energy from the bonds between the atoms in the ore separating them in the process
what is phytoextraction
growing plants in sol that contain the metal compounds, the metal builds up in the leaves, the plants are then harvested, dried and then burned in a furnace the ash has the metal compounds which ca be extracted using electrolysis
what is good and bad about the new methods of extraction
smaller impact on the environment but are slower
what are the stages of a life cycle assessment
choice of material, manufacture, product use, disposal
what happens during the haber process
nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia
what is dynamic equilibrium
occurs when the forward and backward reaction in a reversible reaction occur at the same time and at the same rate, so there is no change in concentration of the reactants or the products
what is Le Chatelier’s principle
if there’s a change in concentration, pressure or temperature
what happens if you decrease and increase the temperature in a reversible reaction
decrease- equilibrium will move in the exothermic direction to produce more heat
increase- equilibrium will move in the endothermic direction to absorb the extra heat
what happens if you change the pressure in a reversible reaction
increase- equilibrium will move to the side that has fewer moles of gas to reduce pressure
decrease- equilibrium will move towards the side that has more moles of gas to increase pressure
what happens if you change the concentration in a reversible reaction
increase concentration of reactants - equilibrium will move to the right to use up the reactants (making more products)
increase concentration of the products- equilibrium will move to the left to use up the products (making more reactants)
decreasing will have the opposite effect
