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OB > Topic 9 - Leadership > Flashcards

Topic 9 - Leadership Flashcards

1
Q

what are trait theories of leadership?

A

theories that consider personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders

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2
Q

which three of the big 5 traits give leaders an advantage?

A
  1. extroversion
  2. conscientiousness
  3. openness to experience
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3
Q

which other characteristics other than the big 5 contribute to leadership?

A
  1. self-awareness
  2. self-regulation
  3. emotional intelligence
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4
Q

What are behavioral theories of leadership?

A

theories that propose that specific behaviours differentiate leaders from non-leaders

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5
Q

what were the two findings of the Ohio State studies?

A
  1. Initiating structure

2. consideration?

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6
Q

What is initiating structure (ohio studies)?

A

the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and those of employees in order to attain goals

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7
Q

what is consideration (ohio studies?)

A

the extent to which a leader’s job relationships are characterized by mutual trust, respect for employees’ ideas, and regard for their feelings.

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8
Q

What were the two types of leaders identified in the Michigan Studies?

A
  1. Production-Oriented Leader

2. Employee-Oriented Leaders

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9
Q

What is a Production-Oriented Leader?

A

someone who emphasizes the technical or task aspects of the job, focusing on accomplishing the group’s task

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10
Q

What is an employee-oriented leader?

A

someone who emphasizes interpersonal relations by taking a personal interest in the needs of employees and accepting individual differences among them

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11
Q

the x axis of the managerial grid represents what?

A

concern for results

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12
Q

The y axis of the managerial grid represents what?

A

concern for people

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13
Q

A 1,9 leadership style is called what? what does it mean?

A

Country Club Management = thoughtful attention to the needs of the people for satisfying relationships leads to comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo

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14
Q

A 9,9 leadership style is called what? what does it mean?

A

Team management = work accomplishment is from committed people, interdependence through a “common stake” in organizational purpose leads to relationships of trust and respect

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15
Q

A 5,5 leadership style is called what? what does it mean?

A

Middle-Of-The-Road Management = adequate organization performance is possible through balancing the necessity to get work out while maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level

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16
Q

A 1,1 leadership style is called what? what does it mean?

A

Impoverished Management = exertion of minimal effort to get required work done is appropriate to sustain organization membership

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17
Q

A 9,1 leadership style is called what? what does it mean?

A

Authority-Compliance Management = efficiency in operations results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to the minimum degree

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18
Q

Dichotomies of OB: what are similarities between all the topics?

A

Visible vs. Not visible

Easy vs. not easy

19
Q

what is Fiedler’s Contingency Theory?

A

proposes that effective group performance depends on the proper match between the leader’s style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader control

20
Q

what are the three contingencies outlined in Fiedler’s Contingency Theory?

A
  1. Leader-Member Relations - confidence in leader
  2. Task structure - job assignments
  3. Power position - influence leader has
21
Q

What are the two kinds of leaders outlined in Fiedler’s Contingency Theory?

A
  1. Task-Oriented leaders

2. Relationship-oriented leaders

22
Q

What situations are task-oriented leaders more effective? why?

A

VERY high or VERY low control situations.
High = leader can get away with task-orientation because relations are already good
Low = task-orientation may be the only way to get the job done

23
Q

When do relationship-oriented leaders perform best?

A

in moderate control situations

24
Q

what is House’s Path-Goal Leadership Theory?

A

It is the leader’s job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to provide the necessary direction and/or support to ensure that their goals are compatible with the overall objectives of the group or organization

25
Q

According to House’s Path-Goal Leadership Theory, what three guidelines should leaders follow to be effective?

A
  1. determine the outcomes subordinates want
  2. reward individuals with their desired outcomes when they perform well
  3. let individuals know what they need to do to receive rewards
26
Q

According to House’s Path-Goal Leadership Theory, what are the four styles of leadership?

A
  1. directive
  2. supportive
  3. participative
  4. achievement-oriented
27
Q

If an individual needs to buy-in to decisions, what style should the leader use according to House’s Path-Goal Leadership Theory?

A

Participative

28
Q

What is participative leadership according to House’s Path-Goal Leadership Theory

A

when the leader encourages subordinates to express opinions and suggestions

29
Q

When individuals have difficulty doing tasks, or the task is ambiguous, which leadership style should be used according to House’s Path-Goal Leadership Theory?

A

Directive

30
Q

What is directive leadership according to House’s Path-Goal Leadership Theory?

A

when the leader gives specific directions and expectations

31
Q

If individuals are under stress or show that they need to be supported, which leadership style should be used according to House’s Path-Goal Leadership Theory?

A

supportive

32
Q

what is supportive leadership according to House’s Path-Goal Leadership Theory?

A

when a leader encourages sympathetic relations with subordinates

33
Q

what is achievement-oriented leadership? and in what situation should it be used?

A

Achievement-oriented leadership is when the leader sets high expectations for subordinates’s performance and should be used when conditions allow ambitious goals, or individuals who like challenges

34
Q

what is the charismatic leadership theory

A

followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours

35
Q

what are the 4 key characteristics of charismatic leaders?

A
  1. vision and articulation
  2. personal risk
  3. sensitivity to follower’s needs
  4. unconventional behaviour
36
Q

How do charismatic leaders influence followers?

A
  1. articulating an appealing vision

2. having a a vision statement - a formal articulation of an organization’s vision or mission

37
Q

what is a transactional leader?

A

leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements

38
Q

What are the 4 possible characteristics of a transactional leader?

A
  • contingent reward
  • management by exception (active)
  • management by exception (passive)
  • laissez-faire
39
Q

With regards to Transactional leadership, what is a leader who uses contingent reward?

A

contracts exchange of rewards for effort, promises rewards for good performance. Recognizes accomplishments

40
Q

With regards to Transactional leadership, what is a leader who uses management by exception (active)

A

watches and searches for deviations from rules and standards, takes correct action

41
Q

With regards to Transactional leadership, what is a leader who uses management by exception (passive)

A

intervenes only if standards are not met

42
Q

What is laissez-faire leadership?

A

when the leader abdicates responsibilities and avoids making decisions

43
Q

What are transformational leaders?

A

leaders who inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests and who are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on followers

44
Q

what are the four characteristics of a transformational leader?

A
  1. idealized influence - provides vision, instills pride
  2. inspirational motivations - communicates high expectations
  3. intellectual stimulation - promotes problem solving
  4. individualized consideration - coaches employees individually

OB (7 decks)

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