Topic 9 - Depression 1 Flashcards
What is the percentage of people with MDD that would fit criteria for another DSM-5 disorder?
75%.
What are macrophages?
They are white blood cells that destroy pathogens and release cytokines.
What are cytokines?
They are secreted proteins that effect the interactions and communications between cells.
What do cytokines do?
They produce crosstalk between immune pathways and neurocircuits to produce behaviour.
What is the rate of heritability for depression?
3 - 5 times more likely.
What are the three models in EP to explain depression?
- Resource conservation
- Social Competition
- Attachment
What is an endophenotype?
A characteristic/trait that is not directly observable, but thought to be related to a gene/behaviour. It is also thought to be heritable.
What is bilateral hypoplasia?
Hypoplasia is underdevelopment of a tissue. In this case, it’s referring to thinning of the cortex. It’s thought to be associated with depression. Brain-based endophenotype (cortical thickness) – relating to attention and memory.
What can stress do in the synapses?
It can cause shorter dendrite length and less branching.
Why could chronic stress act as a switch in depression?
Because chronic stress could lead CRF to attenuate dopamine release.
Can genetic factors make individuals more susceptible to environmental stress?
Yes, genetic factors may make some individuals more reactive to environmental stresses via genes that code for cortisol production.
Can lower methylation levels (due to stress) reduce synaptic serotonin? How?
Yes. If the gene methylation is decreased, there is an increase in synaptic serotonin reuptake and a termination of serotonin activity (study on nurses).
