Topic 8 - Transport In Animals Flashcards
Heart Attack
This occurs when the supply of blood to the heart is blocked. This could be due to
a blood clot as the result of coronary heart disease. This can damage the heart
tissue and cause it to beat irregularly or stop.
Chambers
There are 4 enclosed chambers in the human heart; the left and right atria and the ventricles.
Contract
The heart muscles shorten in order to pump out blood at high pressure.
Heart Valves
Found at the entry and exit to the ventricles in order to prevent backflow of blood in the heart
Cardiac Output
The volume of blood the heart can pump out in one minute.
This is calculated by:
Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume X Heart Rate
(litres/min) (litres/beat) (beats/min)
Atria / Atrium
An upper chamber in the heart that receives blood from the veins.
Ventricles
A lower chamber in the heart that pumps blood out of the heart into the arteries.
Pulmonary Artery
The artery that takes blood from the ventricle into the lungs.
Pulmonary Vein
The vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium.
Aorta
The artery that carries blood from the ventricles to the rest of the body.
Vena Cava
The vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower body to the right atrium of the heart
Aerobic Respiration
A type of respiration in which oxygen is used to release energy from substances
such as glucose. This occurs in the mitochondria.
The equation is:
oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water
Anaerobic
respiration
A type of respiration that does not require oxygen to release energy. This occurs
in the cytoplasm.
The equation is:
glucose —> lactic acid
Lactic Acid
The waste product of anaerobic respiration in animals. The body requires energy to break this down. This is called oxygen debt.
Exothermic
A type of reaction where heat energy is transferred from the reactants to the surroundings. Respiration is an exothermic reaction.
