Topic 1 - Key Concepts in Biology

Question 1

Are animal cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic

Question 2

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

Plant and animal cells, have a nucleus which contains their DNA, complex

Question 4

Function of nucleus

Answer 4

to enclose and contain genetic material

Question 5

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

A gel-like substance where chemical reactions take place

Question 6

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 6

Controls the molecules that can enter and leave the cells

Question 7

What are mitochondria?

Answer 7

Where aerobic respiration takes place

Question 8

How much is one order of magnitude?

Answer 8

10x

Question 9

What do plant and animal cells have in common?

Answer 9

They both have a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane

Question 10

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 10

Chloroplasts, cell wall, and a vacuole

Question 11

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 11

They contain chlorophyll and also are sites of photosynthesis

Question 12

What is a cell wall?

Answer 12

Made from cellulose, strengthens the cell

Question 13

What is the vacuole?

Answer 13

its filled with fluid called cell sap and it helps give the plant its shape

Question 14

What is differentiation?

Answer 14

When cells become specialised

Question 15

What happens during fertilisation?

Answer 15

The genetic info of the ovum and sperm combine

Question 16

What are the adaptations of a sperm cell?

Answer 16

Long tail - allows them to swim to ovum(streamlined), mitochondria - gives them energy to swim, enzymes - allows them to digest their way through the outer layer of the ovum

Question 17

What is the job of a nerve cell?

Answer 17

To send electrical impulses around the body

Question 18

What does an axon do?

Answer 18

Carries electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

Question 19

What is an axon covered in and what does it do?

Answer 19

Myelin, insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses

Question 20

What do the ends of axons have?

Answer 20

Synapses

Question 21

What are synapses?

Answer 21

Junctions which allow the impulse to pass from one nerve cell to another

Question 22

What do dentrites do?

Answer 22

They increase the surface area so the other nerve cells can connect more easily

Question 23

Why are muscle cells packed with mitochondria?

Answer 23

To provide them energy

Question 24

What do muscle fibres do?

Answer 24

Can change the length if the muscle cell, when a muscle cell contracts these protein fibres shorten, decreasing the length of the cell

Question 25

What do enzymes break down?

Answer 25

Big molecules - proteins, lipids, some carbohydrates

Question 26

What do digestive enzymes break down?

Answer 26

The food we eat so it can be digested

Question 27

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 27

Enzymes called carbohydrases convert to carbohydrates to simple sugars e.g amylase breaks down starch

Question 28

What are proteins?

Answer 28

Proteases convert proteins to amino acids

Question 29

What are lipids?

Answer 29

Lipases convert lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 30

How are carbohydrates synthesised?

Answer 30

By joining together simple sugars

Question 31

How are proteins synthesised?

Answer 31

Joining amino acids

Question 32

How are enzymes synthesised?

Answer 32

Catalyse the reactions needed to do this

Question 33

What is the equation for rate of reaction?

Answer 33

1000/time