Topic 3 - Genetics Flashcards
DNA
A molecule in the shape of a double helix that contains your genetic code. (T,A,G,C)
Double Helix
Two strands of DNA joined and twisted together, like a spiral staircase.
Nucleotide Base (in
DNA)
Four bases help make up DNA, often shown by the letters A, C, G and T.
Sugar– phosphate
backbone
Main strand of DNA where nucleotide bases attach. It is made of sugar and phosphate
Adenine (A)
One of four bases found in DNA. Often written as A.
Thymine (T)
One of four bases found in DNA. Often written as T.
Guanine (G)
One of four bases found in DNA. Often written as G.
Cytosine (C)
One of four bases found in DNA. Often written as C.
Hydrogen Bonds
The bonds that connect base pairs together
Complementary base pair
Two DNA bases that link by hydrogen bonds.
(A-T) (C-G)
Chromosome
A structure found in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule surrounded by proteins.
Gene
Secton of the long strand of DNA, which contains instructions to code for a protein.
Genome
All the genes found in one cell of an organism.
Replicate
When DNA replicates it makes a copy of itself.
Daughter Cell
The cells produced by a cell when it divides
