Topic 8 Study Guide Flashcards
to not fail the test
Explain how Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin supported the abolitionist movement, and the reaction the book stirred.
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel influenced many people. Her book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, led Northerners to believe that slavery was evil and should be stopped. This also caused more tension between the North and South which eventually led to war.
How did the 1860 election reflect the growing sectional differences in the United States?
The North wanted to limit and even abolish slavery while the south wanted to safeguard slavery. When Lincoln won the election of 1860 many more tensions grew. Even though many of the southern state ballots did not have Lincoln’s name on it he did not have any problems winning.
What were the strengths and weaknesses of the North and South at the beginning of the war?
North- advantages: strong industrial system, lots of railroad, strong navy. Disadvantages: needed to conquer huge areas, unfamiliar land,
South- advantages: defending homeland and way of life, familiarity with countryside, Disadvantages: few factories, few railroads, political problems.
In what ways did the war affect both the northern and southern economies? Give several examples…
In the South there was not enough money so they printed more paper money which led to inflation. The war also damaged the South’s cotton trade, their main source of income. The North also printed more money which again caused inflation. The North also had to place a tax on goods(income tax instead?) to help pay for the war.
a fort in South Carolina that was the site of an attack by the African American 54th Massachusetts Regiment in 1863.
Fort Wagner
a northerner who opposed using force to keep the southern states in the Union
Copperhead
a law that requires people of a certain age to enlist in the military
draft
the right not to be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
Habeas Corpus
a rise of prices and a decrease in the value of money
Inflation
a tax on people’s earnings
income tax
to surround and blockade an enemy town or position with troops and force it to surrender
siege
a Virginia town that was the site of the confederate surrender in 1865
Appomattox Courthouse
President of the Confederate States of America.
Jefferson Davis
Leader in the abolitionist movement; tried to start a slave uprising at Harper’s Ferry.
John Brown
Union commander who sieged Vicksburg and Petersburg and declared “the war is over, the rebels are our countrymen again.”
Ulysses S. Grant
Confederate general who eventually surrendered at Appomattox Court House.
Robert E. Lee
One of the most gifted tactical commanders for the Confederacy. He led a charge at the Battle of Bull Run and was accidentally killed by his own men at the Battle of Chancellorsville.
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Commander of the Union Army in the East; known as the Army of the Potomac. He was a superb organizer who transformed inexperienced recruits into battle-ready soldiers.
George McClellan
What were the terms of the Missouri Compromise?
Maine entered as a free state
Missouri entered the union as a slave state
36’30 parallel line was drawn
- What were the terms of the Compromise of 1850?
Allowed california to enter the Union as a free state
Divided the rest of the mexican cession into the territories of new mexico and utah,
Ended the slave trade in Washington, D.C
Included a strict fugitive slave law
Settled a border dispute between Texas and New Mexico.
- How did the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 strengthen the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793? List multiple reasons…
The new law required all citizens to help catch African Americans trying to escape slavery. People who let fugitives escape could be fined 1,000 and jailed
Set up special and unfair courts to handle the runaway cases
- Why did the Mexican Cession intensify debates about slavery in the United States?
The Mexican Cession gave the Union more land where slavery could be banned or allowed. This caused northerners and southerners to argue over where slavery would be allowed
- How did Uncle Tom’s Cabin affect attitudes toward slavery?
Many Northerners’ views of slavery changed and they now thought that it was evil and should be abolished.
- What was the main goal of the Free-Soil Party?
To keep slavery out of the western territories
. Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Act anger many northerners?
Many Northerners were unhappy with the law because the KS-NA act would repeal the MO compromise and allow slavery to reach northern lands.
- What did Congress decide in the Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sanford?
Slaves were not considered citizens
Banned outlawing slavery in the territories
- Describe John Brown’s raid?
John Brown raided a federal arsenal and wanted to lead other African Americans into a revolt but troops captured him and killed him and ten raiders.
- How did people react to John Brown’s raid?
Most northerners and southerners thought it was insane.
- Why might some southerners have been surprised when Lincoln was elected president?
Lincoln’s name didn’t even appear on the ballot list.
- Why was Fort Sumter important strategically?
It guarded Charleston Harbor
- What was the North’s biggest advantage in the Civil War?
Their strong industrial economy
- Which seven states were first to secede from the Union and form the confederacy?
Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, Florida
- Which state was the first to secede from the Union?
South Carolina
- Which event marked the start of the Civil War?
Attack of Fort Sumter
- Describe the leadership qualities of Abraham Lincoln v. Jefferson Davis…
Davis- More Military instincts, but spent most of his time arguing and focusing on small details
- What was the South’s strategy to win the war?
The Confederate Army would fight a defensive war until northerners were tired of fighting.
- What did the Battle of Bull Run show?
How badly the Union and Confederate soldiers needed training, it would be a long bloody war
- Why did both The Monitor and Virginia have to withdraw from Chesapeake Bay?
Neither vessel seriously damaged the other
- Why was the Battle of Antietam so significant?
Bloodiest battle in American history
- What was General Ulysses S. Grant’s goal leading up to the Battle of Shiloh?
To seize control of the Mississippi River.
- Why was it so devastating for the south to lose control of the Mississippi River?
The confederacy was split in two and were no longer able to supply food, weapons, and other goods to each other.
- Why did the Confederacy eventually begin drafting soldiers ages 17-50?
because the death toll rose
- According to Lincoln, why did the Constitution give him the right to suspend habeas corpus?
Draft riots were examples of rebellion that threatened public safety.
- Put the following events in chronological order:
Union forces gain control of the Mississippi River
President Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address
Siege of Vicksburg begins
Union forces win the Battle of Gettysburg
Siege of Vicksburg begins 1
Union forces gain control of the Mississippi River 2
Union forces win the Battle of Gettysburg 3
President Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address 4
- Why did President Lincoln wait until after a Union victory to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
He did not want the Americans to think emancipation was a desperate effort to save a losing cause
- How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the Civil War?
Ot freed people enslaved in Confederate-held territory which caused the purpose of the war to now revolve around slavery.
- How did women contribute to the Civil War effort?
Women took over men’s jobs at home, and worked as nurses
- How did General Grant win the battle of Vicksburg?
He launched a surprise attack and seized them from the rear.
- Why was the capture of Vicksburg so important for Union forces?
The Union had gained control of the entire Mississippi river.
- How was General Grant’s plan for a Union victory different from former plans?
His plan was to destroy the South’s ability to fight.
- Why did the Confederates finally surrender at Appomattox?
Lee and his men would be slaughtered if they kept on fighting.
- Why did the Civil War mark a turning point in American history?
Firmly established that the us was one country, not a confederation of states
