topic 1, lessons 6-10 study guide

Question 1

list of events in the order of which they occurred

Answer 1

Chronology

Question 2

the scientific study of ancient cultures through the examination of artifacts and other evidence

Answer 2

Archaeology

Question 3

the study of humankind in all aspects, especially development and culture

Answer 3

Anthropology

Question 4

a legal member of a country

Answer 4

Citizen

Question 5

activities having to do with one’s society and community

Answer 5

Civic life

Question 6

a group of people who have the power to make and enforce laws for a country or area

Answer 6

Government

Question 7

a system of basic rules and principles by which a government is organized

Answer 7

Constitution

Question 8

a form of government in which citizens hold political power

Answer 8

Democracy:

Question 9

What are the three basic economic questions?

Answer 9

What goods and services should be produced?
How should goods and services be produced?
Who uses or consumes these goods and services?

Question 10

What are the three factors of production?

Answer 10

Land
Labor
Capital

Question 11

If the demand for a product increases, the price will tend to _________.

Answer 11

increase

Question 12

How do companies/businesses make a profit?

Answer 12

Companies try to reduce expenses and increase revenue.

Question 13

What are the four types of economic systems?

Answer 13

Traditional
Market
Command
Mixed

Question 14

Describe features of a command economy

Answer 14

The central government makes all the economic decisions. Individual producers and consumers do not make basic decisions.

Question 15

Describe features of a market economy

Answer 15

Individual consumers and producers make economic decisions. Also called capitalism. People are free to do what they want and earn as much profit as they can.

Question 16

What type of economy do most societies in the world have today?

Answer 16

Mixed economies

Question 17

What are some features of good budgeting?

Answer 17

In a good budget, income is equal to or no greater than expenses. It includes money reserved for saving.

Question 18

Why do countries trade goods and services?

Answer 18

They can’t make everything so in order to obtain the goods it can’t produce, you have to trade.

Question 19

What is domestic trade?

Answer 19

All of the buying and selling that takes place within a country.

Question 20

What are some features of developed countries?

Answer 20

They have a strong economy and a high standard of living, high literacy rate and life expectancy.

Question 21

What are some features of a developing country?

Answer 21

They have less productive economies and lower standards of living, lower literacy rate and life expectancy.

Question 22

How can a country increase economic development?

Answer 22

It can find more resources, invest in capital goods and they can invest in human capital.

Question 23

Where and when did complex governments first appear?

Answer 23

In Southwest Asia more than 5,000 years ago.

Question 24

What type of government does the U.S. have?

Answer 24

representative democracy

Question 25

What is an authoritarian government?

Answer 25

Is a government in which all power is held by a single person or small group

Question 26

What is a constitutional monarchy?

Answer 26

A government in which a king or queen shares power with the people of the state and other branches of government.

Question 27

What is a unitary system of government?

Answer 27

A central government makes all laws for the entire country.

Question 28

What are the three branches of government in the United States?

Answer 28

Legislative
Executive
Judicial

Question 29

What is naturalization?

Answer 29

A legal process that makes people citizens of another country

Question 30

What are some of the requirements for becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States?

Answer 30

You must be at least 18 years old.
You must have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for at least 5 years
You must have a “good moral character”
You must know how to read, write, and speak English.

Question 31

Our basic rights are protected by the ___________________________, the first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution.

Answer 31

Bill of Rights

Question 32

What are the main responsibilities of U.S. citizens?

Answer 32

We have to stay informed
We have to participate in civic life
We have to pay taxes
Obey the laws
Serve on a jury and witness at a trial

Question 33

What is the main right of U.S. citizens but not the right of non-citizens?

Answer 33

To vote

Question 34

What does the phrase “E PLURIBUS UNUM” mean?

Answer 34

“Out of many, one”

Question 35

What is prehistory?

Answer 35

The time before people created writing and could record events.

Question 36

What year was Jesus Christ believed to be born?

Answer 36

1 A.D

Question 37

What is the Gregorian calendar based on?

Answer 37

It’s based on the movement of the Earth around the Sun.

Question 38

What is a primary source? What are some examples of primary sources?

Answer 38

Information that comes directly from a person who experienced an event.
letters, diaries, photographs, and artifacts

Question 39

Archaeologists mainly learn about the lives of people in the past by studying:

Answer 39

Artifacts they used and made.