topic 1, lessons 6-10 study guide Flashcards
list of events in the order of which they occurred
Chronology
the scientific study of ancient cultures through the examination of artifacts and other evidence
Archaeology
the study of humankind in all aspects, especially development and culture
Anthropology
a legal member of a country
Citizen
activities having to do with one’s society and community
Civic life
a group of people who have the power to make and enforce laws for a country or area
Government
a system of basic rules and principles by which a government is organized
Constitution
a form of government in which citizens hold political power
Democracy:
What are the three basic economic questions?
What goods and services should be produced?
How should goods and services be produced?
Who uses or consumes these goods and services?
What are the three factors of production?
Land
Labor
Capital
If the demand for a product increases, the price will tend to _________.
increase
How do companies/businesses make a profit?
Companies try to reduce expenses and increase revenue.
What are the four types of economic systems?
Traditional
Market
Command
Mixed
Describe features of a command economy
The central government makes all the economic decisions. Individual producers and consumers do not make basic decisions.
Describe features of a market economy
Individual consumers and producers make economic decisions. Also called capitalism. People are free to do what they want and earn as much profit as they can.
What type of economy do most societies in the world have today?
Mixed economies
What are some features of good budgeting?
In a good budget, income is equal to or no greater than expenses. It includes money reserved for saving.
Why do countries trade goods and services?
They can’t make everything so in order to obtain the goods it can’t produce, you have to trade.
What is domestic trade?
All of the buying and selling that takes place within a country.
What are some features of developed countries?
They have a strong economy and a high standard of living, high literacy rate and life expectancy.
What are some features of a developing country?
They have less productive economies and lower standards of living, lower literacy rate and life expectancy.
How can a country increase economic development?
It can find more resources, invest in capital goods and they can invest in human capital.
Where and when did complex governments first appear?
In Southwest Asia more than 5,000 years ago.
What type of government does the U.S. have?
representative democracy
What is an authoritarian government?
Is a government in which all power is held by a single person or small group
What is a constitutional monarchy?
A government in which a king or queen shares power with the people of the state and other branches of government.
What is a unitary system of government?
A central government makes all laws for the entire country.
What are the three branches of government in the United States?
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
What is naturalization?
A legal process that makes people citizens of another country
What are some of the requirements for becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States?
You must be at least 18 years old.
You must have been a legal permanent resident of the United States for at least 5 years
You must have a “good moral character”
You must know how to read, write, and speak English.
Our basic rights are protected by the ___________________________, the first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution.
Bill of Rights
What are the main responsibilities of U.S. citizens?
We have to stay informed
We have to participate in civic life
We have to pay taxes
Obey the laws
Serve on a jury and witness at a trial
What is the main right of U.S. citizens but not the right of non-citizens?
To vote
What does the phrase “E PLURIBUS UNUM” mean?
“Out of many, one”
What is prehistory?
The time before people created writing and could record events.
What year was Jesus Christ believed to be born?
1 A.D
What is the Gregorian calendar based on?
It’s based on the movement of the Earth around the Sun.
What is a primary source? What are some examples of primary sources?
Information that comes directly from a person who experienced an event.
letters, diaries, photographs, and artifacts
Archaeologists mainly learn about the lives of people in the past by studying:
Artifacts they used and made.