topic 2 study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

the highest social class in the English colonies

A

Gentry

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2
Q

in the English colonies, a class that included skilled craft workers, farmers, and some tradespeople

A

Middle Class

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3
Q

a religious movement in the English colonies in the mid 1700’s

A

Great Awakening

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4
Q

the movement in Europe in the 1600s and 1700s that emphasized the use of reason

A

Enlightenment

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5
Q

the theory that a nation’s economic strength came from selling more than it bought from other nations

A

Mercantilism

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6
Q

a trade product sent to markets outside the country

A

export

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7
Q

trade products brought into a country

A

import

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8
Q

a series of English laws beginning in the 1650s that regulated trade between England and its colonies

A

Navigation Acts

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9
Q

in 1688, the movement that brought William and Mary to the throne of England and strengthened the rights of English citizens

A

Glorious Revolution

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10
Q

a group of people that have the power to make laws

A

Legislature

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11
Q

What reasons did Spain have for setting up colonies in the Americas?

A

They wanted to serve God, serve the king, and become richer.

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12
Q

Why did Cortes set sail for Mexico?

A

He wanted to gain riches and glory. He also heard of a rich Indian Empire in Mexico.

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13
Q

What did the Conquistadors agree to give Spain in return for establishing settlements?

A

In return, the Conquistadors agreed to give Spain one fifth of any gold or treasure they captured.

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14
Q

Describe the different social classes in the Spanish colonies.

A

-peninsulares
-creoles
-mestizos
-Indians

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15
Q

Why were the Spanish able to defeat the Inca?

A

The Spanish had horses and better equipment and the Inca thought they were gods so they were scared. They were also worn down from other battles and disease.

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16
Q

Some scholars estimate that Europeans transported more than _____________ enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas between 1500s and the 1800s. The vast majority came from _____________________.

A

10 million; West Africa

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17
Q

In 1517, a German monk named ___________________ challenged the practices of the __________________ church.

A

Martin Luther; Catholic

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18
Q

Early European explorers searched North America’s coast for:

A

The Northwest passage.

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19
Q

Why did the French and Dutch seek alliances with the American Indians?

A

They were both part of the fur trade.

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20
Q

What were the settlers of Jamestown hoping to achieve?

A

Riches, Northwest Passage, and claim land for England

21
Q

Why did the settlers of Jamestown choose that particular location?

A

Mainly for security from the Spanish.

22
Q

What was significant about the House of Burgesses?

A

It signified the beginning of a representative government in the English colonies.

23
Q

Why did Pilgrims establish a colony in North America?

A

They wanted to find a place where they had religious freedom and could worship how they wanted.

24
Q

What was the main difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans?

A

The Puritans had not separated from the Church of England and were still with it.

25
Q

Why did Thomas Hooker settle the town of Hartford? What kind of government did they set up?

A

He settled the town of Hartford because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He set up a colony with a representative government.

26
Q

What was the main reason that several New England cities became major shipbuilding centers?

A

The cities were located right near the coastline.

27
Q

Why was the colony of New Jersey originally formed?

A

To govern more easily than one large New York colony

28
Q

How were proprietary colonies in the Middle Colonies different from colonies that had come before it?

A

Proprietary colonies placed vast land and power in the hands of a few men loyal to the monarch.

29
Q

Which Quaker belief set them apart from other religious groups that settled in the American colonies?

A

They believed that all people were equal in God’s sight.

30
Q

How did William Penn attract so many people to his colony?

A

He advertised religious freedom in his colony.

31
Q

Why was the Maryland Act of Toleration enacted?

A

Because Lord Baltimore feared that Protestants might deprive Catholics of their right to worship.

32
Q

Name TWO reasons for the establishment of Georgia.

A

It was a place for debtors to pay their debts. They wanted to protect the colonies to the north from Spanish Florida.

33
Q

What effect did the headright system have on slavery?

A

It increased slavery because each person who came got a piece of land so the more slaves you had, the more land you got.

34
Q

The development of the ______________ system in the Southern colonies increased the number of enslaved Africans arriving in America.

A

plantation

35
Q

Enslaved Africans made up the majority of the population in which two colonies (in the 1700s)?

A

South Carolina and Georgia

36
Q

What were the two determining factors of a person’s social status in colonial society?

A

Birth and Wealth

37
Q

Who were some of the people who were included in the gentry?

A

The gentry had wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, successful lawyers, and royal officials.

38
Q

What kind of story was particularly popular in the colonial era?

A

Types of stories with a captivating tale.

39
Q

Who influenced daily life in the colonies by using reason to improve the world around them?

A

Enlightenment thinkers like Benjamin Franklin.

40
Q

The original purpose of colleges in colonial America was to educate ___________.

A

Future ministers

41
Q

How is a country strengthened (according to Mercantilism)?

A

By selling more than it bought from other countries.

42
Q

What are exports and imports?

A

Export: a trade product sent to markets outside the country
Import: trade products brought into a country

43
Q

What were the Navigation Acts meant to do?

A

They were meant to ensure that only England benefited from trade with its colonies.

44
Q

Who was responsible for directing the colony’s affairs and enforcing the laws?

A

The governor

45
Q

As a result of _______________, WIlliam and Mary became the monarchs of Britain. They agreed to the ______________, which protected individuals from certain government actions.

A

Glorious Revolution; English Bill of Rights

46
Q

The English Bill of Rights protected:

A

The rights of individuals and gave anyone accused of a crime the right to a trial by jury.

47
Q

Describe the reasons why Cortes and his soldiers were able to conquer the Aztecs.

A

Cortes and his soldiers were able to take over the Aztec for many reasons. Firstly, Cortes manipulated the Aztec people into believing he was a god so they would let him in. They also had horses, which the Aztecs had never seen before so they were caught off guard by the new creatures. Cortes had superior weaponry and Indians had died from European diseases. And lastly, Cortes gained many soldiers from other people who had been taken over by the Aztecs.

48
Q

Describe the lasting effects of the Great Awakening.

A

The Great Awakening affected the development of the colonies in many ways, like causing young people to think deeply about their lives and made people aware of the beauty of God. Even today, we see the Great Awakening inspiring self-rule for many countries and creating more political independence. Another lasting effect was people worshiping and creating new churches themselves.

49
Q

How have the Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights helped shape our government today?

A

They both have had a major impact on the way our laws and government works by creating rules people have to follow and opening up protection for people’s rights. This is shown in the Bill of Rights because it protects anyone who has been accused of a crime and gives them the right to a trial. And in the Magna Carta it states that the monarch does not have absolute power which gives more freedom to the people.