topic 7 study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

an organized attempt to improve what is unjust or imperfect in society.

A

Social reform

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2
Q

a widespread religious movement in the U.S in the early 1800s

A

Second Great Awakening

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3
Q

a person who cannot pay money he or she owes

A

debtor

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4
Q

the campaign against alcohol consumption

A

Temperance movement

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5
Q

an 1848 meeting at which activists called for equal rights for women, often seen as the birthplace of the women’s rights movement

A

Seneca Falls Convention:

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6
Q

an organized campaign to win legal, educational, employment, and other rights for women

A

Women’s rights movement:

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7
Q

deliverance from sin

A

salvation

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8
Q

the protection of natural resources

A

Conservation:

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9
Q

one of a group of New England writers and thinkers who believed that the most important truths transcended, or went beyond, human reason,

A

Transcendentalist

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10
Q

the belief in the uniqueness and importance of each individual

A

Individualism

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11
Q

to see in the best possible light

A

Idealize

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12
Q

Reformer who visited prisons to improve conditions for those who were mentally ill, debtors, prisoners.

A

Dorothea Dix

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13
Q

Abolitionist who worked in the Underground Railroad to free slaves and fought in the Civil War.

A

Harriet Tubman

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14
Q

A freed slave who spoke publicly to help the abolitionist movement and began the newspaper the “North Star”.

A

Frederick Douglass

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15
Q

A white abolitionist who launched “The Liberator” to influence people to go against slavery and he also helped in the New England Anti-Slavery Society.

A

William Lloyd Garrison

Lloyd - Liberator

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16
Q

Published a book about the suffering slaves called “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” which convinced many Northerners that slavery was evil and should be outlawed.

A

Harriet Beecher Stowe-

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17
Q

a leader of the Second Great Awakening who spoke powerfully about reforming the world with teachings about education for women and the abolitionist movement.

A

Charles Grandison Finney

Grandison - Great Awakening

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18
Q

women’s rights leader who was born into slavery and spoke influentially to all people with her faith in God.

A

Sojourner Truth

Truth - God

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19
Q

campaigned for women’s suffrage and spoke tirelessly for women’s rights to vote and work.

A

Susan B. Anthony

20
Q

What was the main cause of the increase in the number and the size of cities in the United States?

A

The spread of
factories

21
Q

The new factory system brought ____________ and _______________ together in one place to produce goods.

A

Workers and machinery

22
Q

What are interchangeable parts and how did they help improve the factory system?

A

All machine-made parts were alike, identical parts would fit together with all other parts and would save time and money
Encouraged the spread of the factory system

23
Q

What was the main reason young women were drawn to work in mills?

A

Many women valued the economic freedom

24
Q

What problems did cities experience in the early-mid 1800s?

A

unclean, poor living conditions, diseases, no sewer system

25
Q

Who invented the telegraph? How did the telegraph help connect the nation?

A

Samuel Morse
Made communication much easier

26
Q

Where were the major railroad lines concentrated around the mid 1800s?

A

North and West

27
Q

How was immigration connected to economic growth?

A

Immigrants both came in response to and contributed to economic growth.

28
Q

Why did skilled workers have more success at forming unions than other workers?

A

They were harder to replace

29
Q

In the North, what did immigrants and African Americans have in common?

A

They both faced widespread discrimination

30
Q

Who invented the cotton gin? How did the invention of the cotton gin affect slave labor in the United States?

A

Eli Whitney
It increased the demand for slave labor

31
Q

Why did the South not develop a larger manufacturing base?

A

Southern investers were more interested in land than industry

32
Q

What was the South’s most valuable cash crop?

A

Cotton

33
Q

What percentage of southern farmers owned 50 or more slaves? What percentage of southern whites lived on small family farms?

A

Less than one percent own 50 or more
About 75% of southern whites

34
Q

Why did most free African Americans in the South live in Maryland and Delaware?

A

It was where slavery was in decline.

35
Q

What were some examples of slave codes in the South?

A

Forbidden to gather in groups more than 3, own weapons, leave land without a written pass, or learn how to read and write

36
Q

What protected slaves from the worst form of abuse?

A

Slaves were considered valuable property

37
Q

What effect did Nat Turner’s Rebellion have?

A

His rebellion increased southern fears of an uprising enslaved African Americans and caused them to limit their rights.

38
Q

Why did the Northwest Ordinance and end of the slave trade have little effect on ending slavery in the South?

A

It had nearly one million slaves already living in the south

39
Q

What was the main reason that there were 20 times as many enslaved African Americans in the South as in the North by 1800?

A

Slavery was not very important to the economy in the north and the south really depended on slave labor

40
Q

What was the Underground Railroad and how was it an example of civil disobedience?

A

It was a network of safe houses that helped enslaved African Americans escape to freedom.
It was civil disobedience because slaves defied slave codes and tried to escape from their owners.

41
Q

What effect did Uncle Tom’s Cabin have?

A

It convinced many Northerners that slavery was evil and should be outlawed. This increased many tensions between the North and the South.

42
Q

What was the main reason many business owners in the North opposed abolition?

A

They depended on cotton from the South to supply their factories/businesses

43
Q

How did the Second Great Awakening change many Americans’ view of their actions?

A

They now felt that their actions could save them

44
Q

How did the Second Great Awakening lead to changes in areas such as education and care of the disabled?

A

Many people began working to improve society

45
Q

In what way did education in America change between 1800 and the 1850s?

A

Most northern states set up free elementary schools

46
Q

What was the main reason few girls were given a good education in the early 1880s?

A

Because women were expected to work in the home and didn’t need an education.