topic 7 study guide Flashcards
an organized attempt to improve what is unjust or imperfect in society.
Social reform
a widespread religious movement in the U.S in the early 1800s
Second Great Awakening
a person who cannot pay money he or she owes
debtor
the campaign against alcohol consumption
Temperance movement
an 1848 meeting at which activists called for equal rights for women, often seen as the birthplace of the women’s rights movement
Seneca Falls Convention:
an organized campaign to win legal, educational, employment, and other rights for women
Women’s rights movement:
deliverance from sin
salvation
the protection of natural resources
Conservation:
one of a group of New England writers and thinkers who believed that the most important truths transcended, or went beyond, human reason,
Transcendentalist
the belief in the uniqueness and importance of each individual
Individualism
to see in the best possible light
Idealize
Reformer who visited prisons to improve conditions for those who were mentally ill, debtors, prisoners.
Dorothea Dix
Abolitionist who worked in the Underground Railroad to free slaves and fought in the Civil War.
Harriet Tubman
A freed slave who spoke publicly to help the abolitionist movement and began the newspaper the “North Star”.
Frederick Douglass
A white abolitionist who launched “The Liberator” to influence people to go against slavery and he also helped in the New England Anti-Slavery Society.
William Lloyd Garrison
Lloyd - Liberator
Published a book about the suffering slaves called “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” which convinced many Northerners that slavery was evil and should be outlawed.
Harriet Beecher Stowe-
a leader of the Second Great Awakening who spoke powerfully about reforming the world with teachings about education for women and the abolitionist movement.
Charles Grandison Finney
Grandison - Great Awakening
women’s rights leader who was born into slavery and spoke influentially to all people with her faith in God.
Sojourner Truth
Truth - God
campaigned for women’s suffrage and spoke tirelessly for women’s rights to vote and work.
Susan B. Anthony
What was the main cause of the increase in the number and the size of cities in the United States?
The spread of
factories
The new factory system brought ____________ and _______________ together in one place to produce goods.
Workers and machinery
What are interchangeable parts and how did they help improve the factory system?
All machine-made parts were alike, identical parts would fit together with all other parts and would save time and money
Encouraged the spread of the factory system
What was the main reason young women were drawn to work in mills?
Many women valued the economic freedom
What problems did cities experience in the early-mid 1800s?
unclean, poor living conditions, diseases, no sewer system
Who invented the telegraph? How did the telegraph help connect the nation?
Samuel Morse
Made communication much easier
Where were the major railroad lines concentrated around the mid 1800s?
North and West
How was immigration connected to economic growth?
Immigrants both came in response to and contributed to economic growth.
Why did skilled workers have more success at forming unions than other workers?
They were harder to replace
In the North, what did immigrants and African Americans have in common?
They both faced widespread discrimination
Who invented the cotton gin? How did the invention of the cotton gin affect slave labor in the United States?
Eli Whitney
It increased the demand for slave labor
Why did the South not develop a larger manufacturing base?
Southern investers were more interested in land than industry
What was the South’s most valuable cash crop?
Cotton
What percentage of southern farmers owned 50 or more slaves? What percentage of southern whites lived on small family farms?
Less than one percent own 50 or more
About 75% of southern whites
Why did most free African Americans in the South live in Maryland and Delaware?
It was where slavery was in decline.
What were some examples of slave codes in the South?
Forbidden to gather in groups more than 3, own weapons, leave land without a written pass, or learn how to read and write
What protected slaves from the worst form of abuse?
Slaves were considered valuable property
What effect did Nat Turner’s Rebellion have?
His rebellion increased southern fears of an uprising enslaved African Americans and caused them to limit their rights.
Why did the Northwest Ordinance and end of the slave trade have little effect on ending slavery in the South?
It had nearly one million slaves already living in the south
What was the main reason that there were 20 times as many enslaved African Americans in the South as in the North by 1800?
Slavery was not very important to the economy in the north and the south really depended on slave labor
What was the Underground Railroad and how was it an example of civil disobedience?
It was a network of safe houses that helped enslaved African Americans escape to freedom.
It was civil disobedience because slaves defied slave codes and tried to escape from their owners.
What effect did Uncle Tom’s Cabin have?
It convinced many Northerners that slavery was evil and should be outlawed. This increased many tensions between the North and the South.
What was the main reason many business owners in the North opposed abolition?
They depended on cotton from the South to supply their factories/businesses
How did the Second Great Awakening change many Americans’ view of their actions?
They now felt that their actions could save them
How did the Second Great Awakening lead to changes in areas such as education and care of the disabled?
Many people began working to improve society
In what way did education in America change between 1800 and the 1850s?
Most northern states set up free elementary schools
What was the main reason few girls were given a good education in the early 1880s?
Because women were expected to work in the home and didn’t need an education.
