Topic 8 Fuels and Earth science Flashcards
1 What are the chemical symbols for the elements carbon and hydrogen?
C; H
3 What state (solid, liquid or gas) is crude oil at room temperature?
liquid
8 How many years hundreds, thousands or millions does it take for crude oil to form?
millions
11 Name the two elements found in hydrocarbons.
carbon; hydrogen
12 Crude oil is forming extremely slowly. Does this make it a finite resource or a non-renewable one?
finite
13 Petrol comes from crude oil. Give one use for petrol.
fuel for cars
14 Name the main hydrocarbon found in natural gas.
methane
15 Diesel oil is being used up faster than crude oil forms. Does this make it a finite resource or a non-renewable one?
non-renewable
16 Name the polymer formed from ethene, which comes from crude oil.
polyethene
21 Give one typical use of fuel oil.
fuel for large ships/fuel for some power stations
26 What process is used to separate crude oil into useful mixtures?
fractional distillation
28 Which fraction is more easily ignited, bitumen or kerosene?
kerosene
29 Which fraction is more viscous, bitumen or kerosene?
bitumen
32 What is the most abundant element in air?
nitrogen/N2
33 Which gas reacts with hydrocarbons when they burn?
oxygen/O2
34 Name one fossil fuel used in cars.
petrol/diesel oil
35 Name a gas produced when carbon burns.
carbon monoxide/carbon dioxide
36 What compound forms when hydrogen burns in air?
water
38 To get a roaring blue Bunsen burner flame, do you open or close the air hole?
open it
41 What are the products of the complete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels?
carbon dioxide; water
42 Which gas is produced during incomplete combustion, but not complete combustion, of hydrocarbon fuels?
carbon monoxide
43 What solid element is produced during the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels?
carbon
55 Name the homologous series to which ethane belongs.
alkanes
57 What type of rain forms when sulfur dioxide, from some hydrocarbon fuels, dissolves in rainwater?
acid
58 Name the greenhouse gas released when any hydrocarbon fuel burns.
carbon dioxide
61 Which common compound of carbon and oxygen is thought to have been an abundant gas in Earths early atmosphere?
carbon dioxide
63 Name the biological process that increases oxygen levels and reduces carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
photosynthesis
71 Where were the gases that formed the Earths early atmosphere released from?
volcanoes
72 What two compounds are thought to have formed most of the Earths early atmosphere?
water, carbon dioxide
73 What is the chemical test for carbon dioxide?
turns limewater milky/cloudy
75 Which element that makes up about 21% of the atmosphere of Earth today was not thought to be present in the atmosphere 4.5 billion years ago?
oxygen
77 What gas given out by volcanoes is thought to have condensed to form oceans?
water vapour
79 What process in plants releases oxygen?
photosynthesis
80 What is the chemical test for oxygen?
relights a glowing splint
87 Photosynthesis affects the concentrations of two gases in the atmosphere - carbon dioxide, and what other gas?
oxygen
89 Certain gases in the atmosphere keep the Earth warm. What is this effect called?
greenhouse effect
90 Give the name of one of the most common greenhouse gases.
carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour
96 What word beginning with c describes the way in which two variables appear to be linked because they show similar patterns of change?
correlation
99 What type of human activity has mainly increased the level of greenhouse gases since 1750?
burning fossil fuels
