Topic 3 States of matter, separating and purifying

Question 1

1 What are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

solid, liquid, gas

Question 2

2 In which state are the particles arranged regularly?

Answer 2

solid

Question 3

3 In which state do particles move quickly in all directions?

Answer 3

gas

Question 4

4 What state change happens when a substance melts?

Answer 4

solid to liquid

Question 5

5 What state change happens when a substance condenses?

Answer 5

gas to liquid

Question 6

6 In general, which state of matter has particles with the highest energy?

Answer 6

gas

Question 7

7 What is the melting point of water in °C?

Answer 7

0

Question 8

8 What is the boiling point of water in °C?

Answer 8

100

Question 9

10 The melting point of sodium is 97.7 °C. What is the state of sodium at 25.0 °C?

Answer 9

solid

Question 10

21 What is a mixture?

Answer 10

different elements and/or compounds that are not chemically joined together

Question 11

22 Which is a mixture, air or water or both?

Answer 11

air

Question 12

23 Which of a mixture or a pure substance has a fixed composition?

Answer 12

pure substance

Question 13

27 Is a material that melts over a range of temperatures likely to be a mixture or a pure substance?

Answer 13

mixture

Question 14

28 Give one safety precaution to take when heating substances.

Answer 14

any suitable, tie hair back, tuck tie in, wear safety goggles

Question 15

29 What do we call the change of state from a liquid to a gas?

Answer 15

evaporation

Question 16

30 Name a mixture that could be separated by filtration?

Answer 16

any suitable e.g. sand and water

Question 17

36 How can you get salt from salty water?

Answer 17

evaporate the water; crystallisation

Question 18

37 What is the scientific name for a mixture like salty water?

Answer 18

solution

Question 19

38 What is the term used for the liquid in a solution?

Answer 19

solvent

Question 20

39 What is the term for the substance that has dissolved in the solution?

Answer 20

solute

Question 21

40 How can you identify a pure substance on a chromatogram?

Answer 21

only one spot/colour

Question 22

45 How can we separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?

Answer 22

filtration

Question 23

46 What word describes the clear liquid that comes through the filter paper?

Answer 23

filtrate

Question 24

48 What process takes place when a liquid turns into a gas?

Answer 24

evaporation

Question 25

49 What process takes place when a gas turns into a liquid?

Answer 25

condensation

Question 26

53 Which of these is soluble in water - sand or salt?

Answer 26

salt

Question 27

54 What separation method is used to remove insoluble solids from a liquid?

Answer 27

filtration

Question 28

56 What separation method could you use to separate water from ink?

Answer 28

distillation/simple distillation

Question 29

57 Name the two state changes involved in distillation.

Answer 29

boiling/evaporating, condensing

Question 30

59 What gas with a sharp smell is used to kill bacteria in swimming pool water?

Answer 30

chlorine

Question 31

60 Why does seawater taste salty?

Answer 31

it contains dissolved salt