Topic 7 Groups, rates and energy

Question 1

4 What do you call the columns in the periodic table?

Answer 1

groups

Question 2

5 What is special about the elements that are in the same group of the periodic table?

Answer 2

similar properties

Question 3

6 What is similar about the electronic configuration of elements in the same group?

Answer 3

same number of outer electrons

Question 4

7 What is formed when a group 1 element reacts with water?

Answer 4

an alkali/metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 5

8 What is the charge on the ions of elements in group 1?

Answer 5

1+

Question 6

9 The first two elements in group 1 are lithium and sodium. What is the third element?

Answer 6

potassium

Question 7

10 What is the name given to the elements in group 1 in the periodic table?

Answer 7

alkali metals

Question 8

12 What happens to the reactivity of the group 1 elements as you go down the group?

Answer 8

it increases

Question 9

13 What is produced when lithium reacts with water?

Answer 9

lithium hydroxide and hydrogen

Question 10

14 Why do alkali metals get more reactive as you go down the group?

Answer 10

the outermost electron is further and further away, and so more easily removed

Question 11

15 What name is given to group 7 elements?

Answer 11

the halogens

Question 12

16 State an example of a group 7 element.

Answer 12

one of: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or astatine

Question 13

21 What is the name and colour of the only liquid halogen?

Answer 13

bromine, brown

Question 14

22 What does chlorine look like?

Answer 14

pale green gas

Question 15

23 How is the appearance of iodine different from that of the three halogens above it in group 7?

Answer 15

solid and darker/black in colour

Question 16

28 State one similarity in the electronic configurations of fluorine and chlorine.

Answer 16

same number of outer electrons

Question 17

29 Describe the trend in reactivity of group 7 elements.

Answer 17

decreasing down the group

Question 18

35 Where is group 0 found in the periodic table?

Answer 18

last column on right-hand side

Question 19

36 What name is given to group 0 elements?

Answer 19

the noble gase

Question 20

37 Name a group 0 element.

Answer 20

one of: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon

Question 21

38 What is similar about the electronic configuration of all group 0 elements?

Answer 21

full outer shell

Question 22

39 How are noble gases similar in terms of chemical properties?

Answer 22

all unreactive

Question 23

42 What happens to the rate of most reactions as the reaction proceeds?

Answer 23

It slows down.

Question 24

44 What size of solid lumps reacts fastest in chemical reactions: small, medium or large?

Answer 24

small

Question 25

45 Apart from concentration and surface area, name one other variable that can change the speed of a chemical reaction.

Answer 25

temperature or pressure or catalyst

Question 26

46 What happens in a precipitation reaction?

Answer 26

A solid forms.

Question 27

47 What does it mean if effervescence is seen during a reaction?

Answer 27

A gas is being produced.

Question 28

48 What happens to the concentration of reactants as a reaction proceeds?

Answer 28

It decreases.

Question 29

49 What happens to the concentration of products as a reaction proceeds?

Answer 29

It increases.

Question 30

61 What has to happen before a reaction takes place?

Answer 30

Reacting molecules must collide with enough energy.

Question 31

64 What change in condition increases the speed of the reacting molecules?

Answer 31

increasing temperature

Question 32

65 How can you increase the surface area of a solid?

Answer 32

Divide the solid into smaller pieces.

Question 33

68 What is the activation energy in a reaction?

Answer 33

minimum energy needed by reactants for them to react

Question 34

69 What does a catalyst do?

Answer 34

speeds up a chemical reaction

Question 35

70 What do you call a biological catalyst?

Answer 35

an enzyme

Question 36

77 What gas is needed for fuels to burn?

Answer 36

oxygen

Question 37

80 Give two ways by which energy is transferred to the surroundings in an explosion.

Answer 37

two from: by heating, by sound, by light, by a force

Question 38

81 What type of reaction takes in energy from the surroundings?

Answer 38

endothermic

Question 39

83 What simple piece of apparatus is used to measure temperature?

Answer 39

thermometer

Question 40

84 What unit is used for energy?

Answer 40

J/joule/kJ/kilojoule

Question 41

86 In combustion reactions, is energy taken in from the surroundings or given out?

Answer 41

given out

Question 42

89 The temperature goes down when ammonium nitrate dissolves in water. Is this an exothermic process or an endothermic process?

Answer 42

endothermic