Topic 7 Groups, rates and energy Flashcards
4 What do you call the columns in the periodic table?
groups
5 What is special about the elements that are in the same group of the periodic table?
similar properties
6 What is similar about the electronic configuration of elements in the same group?
same number of outer electrons
7 What is formed when a group 1 element reacts with water?
an alkali/metal hydroxide + hydrogen
8 What is the charge on the ions of elements in group 1?
1+
9 The first two elements in group 1 are lithium and sodium. What is the third element?
potassium
10 What is the name given to the elements in group 1 in the periodic table?
alkali metals
12 What happens to the reactivity of the group 1 elements as you go down the group?
it increases
13 What is produced when lithium reacts with water?
lithium hydroxide and hydrogen
14 Why do alkali metals get more reactive as you go down the group?
the outermost electron is further and further away, and so more easily removed
15 What name is given to group 7 elements?
the halogens
16 State an example of a group 7 element.
one of: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or astatine
21 What is the name and colour of the only liquid halogen?
bromine, brown
22 What does chlorine look like?
pale green gas
23 How is the appearance of iodine different from that of the three halogens above it in group 7?
solid and darker/black in colour
28 State one similarity in the electronic configurations of fluorine and chlorine.
same number of outer electrons
29 Describe the trend in reactivity of group 7 elements.
decreasing down the group
35 Where is group 0 found in the periodic table?
last column on right-hand side
36 What name is given to group 0 elements?
the noble gase
37 Name a group 0 element.
one of: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon
38 What is similar about the electronic configuration of all group 0 elements?
full outer shell
39 How are noble gases similar in terms of chemical properties?
all unreactive
42 What happens to the rate of most reactions as the reaction proceeds?
It slows down.
44 What size of solid lumps reacts fastest in chemical reactions: small, medium or large?
small
45 Apart from concentration and surface area, name one other variable that can change the speed of a chemical reaction.
temperature or pressure or catalyst
46 What happens in a precipitation reaction?
A solid forms.
47 What does it mean if effervescence is seen during a reaction?
A gas is being produced.
48 What happens to the concentration of reactants as a reaction proceeds?
It decreases.
49 What happens to the concentration of products as a reaction proceeds?
It increases.
61 What has to happen before a reaction takes place?
Reacting molecules must collide with enough energy.
64 What change in condition increases the speed of the reacting molecules?
increasing temperature
65 How can you increase the surface area of a solid?
Divide the solid into smaller pieces.
68 What is the activation energy in a reaction?
minimum energy needed by reactants for them to react
69 What does a catalyst do?
speeds up a chemical reaction
70 What do you call a biological catalyst?
an enzyme
77 What gas is needed for fuels to burn?
oxygen
80 Give two ways by which energy is transferred to the surroundings in an explosion.
two from: by heating, by sound, by light, by a force
81 What type of reaction takes in energy from the surroundings?
endothermic
83 What simple piece of apparatus is used to measure temperature?
thermometer
84 What unit is used for energy?
J/joule/kJ/kilojoule
86 In combustion reactions, is energy taken in from the surroundings or given out?
given out
89 The temperature goes down when ammonium nitrate dissolves in water. Is this an exothermic process or an endothermic process?
endothermic
