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RE > Topic 8 > Flashcards

Topic 8 Flashcards

1
Q

How do Jews worship God?

A

Through prayer, daily life and actions, studying

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2
Q

Why do Jews worship In public?

A
  • Praising and loving God
  • Uniting a community using similar prayers
  • It is an obligation and fundamental Jewish teaching
  • So say certain prayers that can only be said in the synagogue
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3
Q

What is a Jewish worship in a synagogue like?

A
  • Jews are expected to worship 3 times a day
  • in orthodox synagogues prayers are said in Hebrew however in modern they are said quicker and not only in Hebrew
  • women will be separate from men in orthodox
  • synagogue worship can occur on special festivals
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4
Q

Why do synagogue worship important?

A
  • to come together to pray in a minyan and community
  • united by saying the same prayers and following the same faith requirements
  • praising God as ordered in the Torah, declaration of faith. They do this 3 times a day
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5
Q

What is the Tenakh?

A
  • made up of the Torah, nevium and Ketuvim
  • basis of holy texts and traditions making up the Jewish bible
  • modern Jews believe the Torah is just a human creation but traditional that it is the word of god given to Moses
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6
Q

What is the Talmud?

A
  • equivalent of the Catholic CCC
  • rabbi written texts from centuries ago that come from Moses for traditional Jews but just a human creation for modern Jews
  • oral law which is an instruction for learning
  • interprets scripture for Jews today and can be applied to situations
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7
Q

What is the Tenakh important?

A
  • used in Jewish worship in the synagogue and also daily living
  • the whole of the Torah is read each year and once a week in synagogues
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8
Q

Why is the Talmud important?

A
  • Talmud explains the 613 mitzvots and how they should be applied.
  • for traditional Jews it is central and believed to attain eternal life.
  • for modern Jews it is important but not essential yet they still study it
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9
Q

Outline 3 Jewish food laws?

A
  • can’t eat pig and birds of prey but can eat sheep, cow, goat, and chicken
  • animals must be killed in a humane way and must be checked
  • can’t mix meat and milk
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10
Q

Why do Jews follow food laws (kosher)?

A
  • practical way of living a holy life as God commanded as said in the Torah
  • it keeps God as a focus point in the preparation and eating if food which is a critical part of daily life
  • good for health as it is pure
  • sense of unity and identity
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11
Q

What are drawbacks of Jewish food laws?

A
  • expensive as often have to buy multiple appliances to keep meat and dairy separate
  • poses a challenge in public as not all restaurant cater for kosher
  • at Passover Jews will deepclean the house so there is no yeast, this is stressful and time consuming
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12
Q

When do Jews pray at home?

A
  • The kiddish before meals
  • 3 times a day especially in the morning, evening and noon
  • pray as a family on the Shabbat
  • when entering a house Jews will tough a mezuzah
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13
Q

What items are used for prayer?

A
  • Tefillin, strip around the arm and tallit which is a prayer shawl
  • the formal prayers Jews pray are found in the siddur
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14
Q

Why is prayer at the home important?

A
  • more personal
  • becomes central to family life
  • pray together on the sabbath as a community as god commanded
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15
Q

Why is private personal prayer important?

A
  • means the command to pray is being followed

- means that God is central in the heart and mind and the relationship between is constantly being reflected upon

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16
Q

Why is set formal prayer important?

A
  • makes a set schedule at a regular time in the day
  • means one is praying for certain reasons such as the kiddush used for praise
  • revise fundamental beliefs helping to understand their faith more
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17
Q

How and when is the Sheema said?

A
  • said in the evening, morning and noon giving a regular prayer schedular integrating it into modern everyday life
  • Jews will cover their eyes to block out distractions and mitigate the world around them to focus wholly on Hod
  • men will wear a tefillin and tallit to aid prayer and as a sign of their faith
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18
Q

How and when is the amidah said?

A
  • said in the synagogue 3 times a day or if not at home privately
  • it is said by taking 3 steps forward at the start and 3 back at the end whilst standing and facing Jerusalem
  • it has 3 prayer sections:praise, petitions and thanks-fulfilling what is required of Jewish rabbis
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19
Q

Why is the sheema important?

A
  • emphasises the oneness of God and therefore key qualities
  • the belief that God will give blessings to those who serve God as by listening to him we can reflect on his desires
  • maintains the covenant
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20
Q

Why is the amidah important?

A
  • levels out their spiritual and physical needs so they are fulfilled
  • Jews can request praise and thanks deepening relationship
  • Jews are reminded they need to serve God frequently
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21
Q

What are similarities between the worship of Judaism and the main religious tradition of Great Britain?

A
  • both are monotheistic
  • both have one main preacher
  • both have key prayers that emphasise the oneness of God
  • readings are read from key scriptures as well as set prayers
22
Q

What are differences between the worship of Judaism and the main religious tradition of Great Britain?

A
  • Jews have to pray 3 times a day but Catholics have no set time
  • Jewish day if worship is the Shabbat (Friday/Saturday) but Christians is on a Sunday
  • Jews worship in Hebrew we worship in the vernacular
  • men and women sit separately in synagogue but together in churches
23
Q

What is the Shabbat?

A

Shabbat is a special day for Jews spent with the family or community
-it begins in Friday evening and when 3 stars appear on Saturday

24
Q

How is the Shabbat celebrated at home?

A
  • they perform a blessing over the wine (kiddush)and over the bread (challah)
  • ends with the havadlah to mark the end
  • begins on Friday when women light candles and recite blessings
  • eat 3 meals
25
Q

How is the Shabbat performed in the synagogue

A
  • The amidah prayer is said facing Jerusalem
  • the Sheema I said and Torah taken to the bimah for a section to be chanted
  • rabbi will give a sermon
  • service will end in prayer (aleinu = praise, Kaddish=greatness, hymn =God is master)
26
Q

Why is the Shabbat important?

A
  • core Jewish belief, practice and teaching
  • gives Jews time to reflect on their busy modern day lives
  • it’s a mitzvot (God’s 3rd command infact)
  • Jews can learn about God and depend their understanding of faith
  • Jews come together as a community promoting unity and an identity
27
Q

Why might Jews not follow the Shabbat?

A
  • pikauch nefesh means doctors have a duty to protect lives so may have to work which is forbidden
  • secular Jews may be more open to driving and going out as it could be to a form of entertainment which is relaxing
  • Jews may drive to the synagogue which stimulate celebration of Shabbat
28
Q

What are external features of a synagogue?

A
  • faces towards Jerusalem
  • all synagogues must have windows to allow light to shine in
  • contains either a menorah or a Star of David on the outside to shoe it is Jewish
29
Q

What are internal features of a synagogue?

A
  • Ner tamid = symbolises eternal life and is in the shape of the Star of David. It is above ark and symbolises the relationship with God
  • the ark = where Torah scrolls are kept and represents covenant
  • menorah = 7 candle stick and was standing in the temple
  • bimah = where the Torah and sermon is given by the rabbi
30
Q

How are synagogues used?

A
  • place of rites of passage/rituals
  • youth clubs and community centres
  • festivals as well as private prayer
  • places of education (learning Hebrew)
  • worship
31
Q

What are differences between reformed and traditional synagogues?

A
  • in traditional seating for men and women is separate and 3 sided facing the bimah. In modern it is angled/circular and mixed seating
  • t synagogues have music with no instruments just sung in Hebrew yet in m instruments are used and music is more lively
  • rabbi only a man in traditional but man or women in modern
32
Q

What happens at birth, why is it important, any key differences?

A
  • the life of the child begins when it is halfway merged from the mothers body
  • the child is born with no original sin
  • for purification reasons a mother can it enter the synagogue for 40 days if it a boy or 80 days if it is a girl
33
Q

What happens at Brit Bat, why is it important, any key differences?

A
  • represents the covenant
  • it is a Jewish naming ceremony for girls when they rejoice her birth and bless her
  • the dad will read from the Torah (aliyah)
  • modern Jews have this welcoming ceremony, traditional just a naming one
34
Q

What happens at Brit Milah, why is it important, any key differences?

A
  • represent a reminder of the covenant of Abraham and the fulfilment of mitzvots
  • they have a festive meal, blessings, the boy is then named and circumcised
  • 40 days of cleansing for both boys and girls but varying lengths in a traditional synagogue
35
Q

What is bar/bat mitzvah, why is it important, any key differences?

A
  • at 12 girls (mature first)become religious adults but at 13 for boys so it is a coming of age ceremony where they accept responsibility
  • boys will read in Hebrew from the Torah and girls will read a set passage
  • after they have has this ceremony, boys can partake in regular synagogue services
  • in modern synagogues girls too are allowed to read after this ceremony
36
Q

What happens at marriage, why is it important, any key differences?

A
  • Jews will stand under the chuppah symbolising their new home
  • the ketubah is a wedding contract, this makes it legal
  • the rabbi will recite 7 blessings of which one is having children which continues their faith and is an important command from Hod
  • weddings ends with smashing of a glass linking to the destruction of the temple
  • in M synagogues both sexes will exchanges rings but just men in T
  • in M there can be interfaith and same sex marriages

-

37
Q

What happens at mourning , why is it important, any key differences?

A
  • there are 5 main stages of mourning (e.g. aninut is the period before the funeral and the yahrzeit is the anniversary date)
  • traditional Jews will tear a piece of clothing as a sign of mourning, reformed Jews will wear a black ribbon or cut a tie
  • important as provides hope for the person in having a good life after death and Jews come together as a community
38
Q

What happens at funeral, why is it important, any key differences?

A
  • bodies are usually buried not cremated
  • funeral takes place within 24 hours after the death
  • candles are lit and so the body is never left alone
  • prayers, psalms and a eulogy are said
  • on the way out Jews will wash their hand to signify the return into the living world
  • important as prepares loved one for judgement and brings communities together through acts of love
  • they will throw 3 handfuls of soil on the coffin to symbolise the restringing to dust
39
Q

Why are these individual ceremonies important?

A
  • generally mark a rite of passage and means Jews are abiding by the mitzvots
  • Brit Milah/bat brings the child into the community and offers the parents the support of others
  • bar/bat mitzvah helps Jews take responsibility for their faith
  • marriages provide a change to bring new life into the world
  • morning and funerals provide the family with support and comfort
40
Q

What 3 things are done at Rosh Hashanah?

A
  • Shofar horn blown 100 times in preparation for the festival
  • read the creation story
  • apple dipped in honey will be eaten for sweetness for the forthcoming year
41
Q

Why is Rosh Hashanah important?

A
  • marks the beginning of the Jewish new year where they promise to do good
  • a time when one can come before God and atone their sins and better their relationship with God
  • it is an obligation to fulfil
42
Q

Outline 3 ways Yom Kippur is done?

A
  • Jews will fast for 25 hours
  • sins are confessed and thrown into water in the synagogue as well as prayers for forgiveness made
  • a special evening service happens in the synagogue
  • Jews will wear white as a sign of purity
43
Q

Why is yom kippur important?

A
  • Jews believe at the end of this festival, God seals the book of judgment for the coming year so is a time to seek forgiveness
  • Holiest day of the year and a joyful experience
  • releases people from guilt and sin
  • 25 hours of fasting focuses their mind on living out mitzvots and prayers
44
Q

Outline 3 ways pesach is done?

A
  • a synagogue service is held when Jews will remember their ancestors
  • a special Seder meal
  • unleavened bread is eaten for 7 days and yeast removed from house
  • read the exodus story as a reminder of being saved
45
Q

Why is pesach important?

A
  • birthday if the Jewish nation
  • reminds Jews god has remained loyal to them and they are his chosen people
  • special teachings are learnt from the Haggadah
  • reminder and remember Passover
46
Q

Outline 3 ways Shavuot is done?

A
  • the Ten Commandments are read
  • dairy food is eaten rather than meat and the synagogue is decorated with flowers
  • prayers are said for the dead
47
Q

Why is Shavuot important?

A
  • it celebrates the Torah and therefore God’s laws he has given to Jews
  • celebrates the mitzvots and the liberation Jews receive from them
48
Q

Outline 3 ways sukkot is done?

A
  • celebrated for 8 days when Jews will rejoice
  • Jews will wave palms and carry citrus
  • they made decide to build a sukkah like when Jews were in the wilderness
49
Q

Why is sukkah important?

A
  • reminder if the time and dwelling place when the Jewish people were in the wilderness
  • marks the end of summer and start of autumn
  • reminder to do good and thank God for their blessings
50
Q

Why do Jews celebrate festivals?

A
  • they are based on history of the Jewish people such as the holocaust so can remember their ancestors
  • remembering the attribute of God
  • celebrating the involvement of God
  • they are set times when the community can come together as instructed in the Tenakh
51
Q

What are differences in festivals?

A
  • traditional Jews will ensure that the customs are always kept and so will stick to traditions of their ancestors
  • modern Jews may adapt and make them more relevant for modern ways of living and society
  • both believe it is a time to come together as a community and worship as a group
52
Q

Outline three parts of the tenakh

A
  • Torah contains the mitzvots
  • ketevim is the Jewish history book for guidance to learn of the faith’s history
  • neviem is the prophet book talking of the coming of the messiah

RE (8 decks)

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