Topic 8

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

chemical processes in body (performed by cells)

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

building molecules

Question 3

Catabolism

Answer 3

breaking down of molecules

Question 4

Process of protein synthesis involves

Answer 4

• DNA transcription

- translation

Question 5

Proteins can be either

Answer 5

enzymes or structural

Question 6

DNA transcription is taking …

Answer 6

DNA and making it into mRNA

Question 7

Steps of DNA transcription

Answer 7

• DNA uncoils at site of gene to expose gene base sequence

- RNA strand is formed, using code on DNA template to add completmentary RNA nucleotides

Question 8

In RNA uracil not..

Answer 8

thymine

Question 9

Translation is taking…

Answer 9

mRNA and making into proteins

Question 10

Steps of translation

Answer 10

• mRNA associates with ribosomes.
• transfer RNA (tRNA) with specific aa and anticodon binds to matching RNA
• peptide bond is formed to attach aa to growing peptide chain

Question 11

3 bases on mRNA equals..

Answer 11

base triplet or codon

Question 12

Each codon codes for..

Answer 12

1 amino acid… amino acids can have more than 1 codon though

Question 13

Anticodon

Answer 13

complimentary bases to codon

Question 14

Sequence of DNA bases determines..

Answer 14

mRNA sequence which determines aa sequence for proteins

Question 15

After translation..

Answer 15

• proteins produced on free ribosomes released into cytosol go to nucleus or mitochondria
• proteins produced by ribosomes on ER (RER) released into ER lumen

Question 16

Proteins produced in RER are..

Answer 16

modified by addition of sugars (glycoprotein) and transferred to golgi complex

Question 17

Golgi complex further modifies protein by

Answer 17

carb changes and lipid additions

Question 18

Golgi complex packages ..

Answer 18

modified proteins and send to destination: cell membrane, secretion and lysosomes

Question 19

Lysosome

Answer 19

membrane bound organelles containing digestive enzymes (breaks down enzymes)

Question 20

Enzymes names end in..

Answer 20

ase

Question 21

Enzymes

Answer 21

increase reaction rates, not used up in reaction, very sensitive to pH, temp. are specific and synthesis controlled by cell proteins

Question 22

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 22

adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates. energy is stored in phosphate bonds (covalent). little is stored so constantly made

Question 23

Energy produced from ATP is used..

Answer 23

for reactions like protein synthesis, active membrane transport, muscle contractions, etc

Question 24

Cellular respiration

Answer 24

production of ATP using glucose.

Question 25

Glucose enters most cells by..

Answer 25

facilitated transport (may be higher in some cells by insulin)

Question 26

Overall equation for cellular respiration

Answer 26

1 glucose (C6H12O6) + 6 oxygen --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 32 (max) ATP + heat

Question 27

Steps of cellular respiration

Answer 27

- glycolysis (anaerobic) - enters mitochondria (aerobic) - krebs cycle - Electron transport chain

Question 28

In the body glycogen -->

Answer 28

glucose to ATP

Question 29

In the body proteins..

Answer 29

some aa can be converted to pyretic acid or enter krebs cycle. depending on body need may form new glucose or ATP

Question 30

In the body fats..

Answer 30

primary store form of energy in the body. broken down to form acetyl CoA to ATP