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Biol 1412 > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell membrane composed of

A
  • phospholipid bilayer
  • membrane proteins
  • membrane carbohydrates
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2
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

barrier to water soluble substances, NOT to any small molecules and lipid soluble molecules

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3
Q

5 types of membrane proteins

A
  • transport Proteins
  • receptor proteins
  • enzymes
  • joining proteins
  • identifying proteins
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4
Q

2 types of transport proteins

A
  • channels

- carrier porteins

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5
Q

Channels on cell membrane

A

form pore in membrane, selectively permit channel/medicated facilitated diffusion of water and specific ions

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6
Q

Channels on cell membrane can be..

A
  • gated: can open or close when singled

- non gated (leakage channels) always open

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7
Q

Receptor proteins

A

can bind specific ligands

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8
Q

Ligands

A

extracellular molecules (ex: hormones, neurotransmitters)

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9
Q

Carrier proteins

A

bind solute and carry it across membrane, allow protein carrier mediated facilitated transport OR active transport

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10
Q

Example of receptor proteins

A
  • glucose uptake results in insulin binds to receptor on skel. muscle/adipose tissue.
  • triggers movement of more glucose transporters to cell membrane.
  • increase glucose movement from blood into cells
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11
Q

Enzymes

A

control chemical reactions on outer or inner surface, CAN BE A PROTEIN

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12
Q

Identifying proteins

A

identify cell as “self” (part of body) not foreign

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13
Q

Example of identifying proteins

A

major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on surface of all cells except rbc

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14
Q

Membrane carbohydrates

A

glycoproteins and glycolipids. differ for every cell type, allows cells to recognize other cells

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15
Q

Example of membrane carbohydrate

A

sperm recognizing a an egg

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16
Q

Membrane transport

A

movement of material between intra and extra cellular fluids`

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17
Q

Solute

A

substance dissolved in a solution

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18
Q

Solvent

A

substance solute is dissolved in

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19
Q

2 types of transport

A
  • active processes

- passive transport

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20
Q

Passive transport

A

no NRG required (no ATP).

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21
Q

Diffusion

A

movement from a high to low concentration

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22
Q

The greater the difference in concentration =

A

the more molecules want to move

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23
Q

Types of passive transport

A
  • simple diffusion
  • facilitated fissuion
  • facilitated transport
  • osmosis
  • bulk flow
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24
Q

Simple diffusion

A

solute diffuses through cell membrane bilayer (small, lipid soluble) ex: O2, CO2

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25
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

ions diffuse through membrane via protein channels

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26
Q

Facilitated transport

A

large, charged or water soluble molecules diffuse across membrane using specific carrier proteins

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27
Q

Carrier proteins must …

A

bind to protein to be transported

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28
Q

3 types of solute movement

A
  • simple diffusion
  • facilitated diffusion
  • facilitated transport
29
Q

Osmosis

A

movement of H2O across a semipermeable membrane due to H2O difference via pores or across membrane bilayer

30
Q

High H2O =

A

low solute (dilute solution)

31
Q

Low H2O =

A

high solute (concentrated solution)

32
Q

Solute depends on the..

A

number of ions or molecules not the type

33
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

pressure must be applied to prevent movement of H2O from a pure H2O solution (S1) across a semipermeable membrane into another solution (S2)

34
Q

If S2 has high salt, low H2O the more..

A

H2O wil move into it which requires pressure to stop H2O moving into S2

35
Q

S1 and S2 = pure H2O results in

A

no pressure required to prevent H2O movement (no gradient) so OP=0

36
Q

OP is used as a ..

A

measure of the solute of a solution

37
Q

High OP = ____ _____

Low OP = _____ _____

A

high solute; low solute

38
Q

Tonicity

A

response of a cell immersed in a solution

39
Q

Tonicity depends on..

A

solute and permeability of cell membrane to solute

40
Q

3 types of tonicity

A
  • hypertonic
  • hypotonic
  • isotonic
41
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

ECF has lower OP (high H2O) than ICF, cell swells and may burst

42
Q

Lysis

A

swelling causing rupture of cell (ex: hemolysis for rbc)

43
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

ECF has higher OP (lower H2O) than OCF, cell shrinks

44
Q

Isotonic

A

ECF and ICF have equal OP

45
Q

Example of isotonic solution

A

rbc, all solutes within equals 0.9% saline solution

46
Q

Uses of tonicity

A

injecting 10% sucrose solution (hypertonic) will move water to blood stream (used to lower brain edema/swelling)

47
Q

Osmosis role in solute regulation

A

concentration of solutes in body fluids must be maintained w/in narrow limits or cells will die

48
Q

Major body fluids

A
  • extracellular fluids

- intracellular fluids

49
Q

2 examples of extracellular fluids

A
  • blood plasma

- interstitial fluid (ISF)

50
Q

Example of osmosis role in body regulation

A

if body loses H2O (Sweat) then increase blood/blood OP then fluid moves from tissues to blood, response = thirst6 and decrease renal H2O loss (less peeing)

51
Q

Bulk flow

A

movement of fluid and solutes due to a pressure gradient (high to low pressure)

52
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure of a fluid pressing against a surface

53
Q

Example of bulk flow

A

capillary; if blood has higher pressure than ISF fluid slow out of the capillary

54
Q

Active processes

A

require energy (ATP)

55
Q

2 types of active processes

A
  • active transport

- vesicular transport

56
Q

Active transport

A

substances move against concentration gradient (low to high). ALWAYS protein carrier-mediated

57
Q

2 types of active transport

A
  • primary (1°) active transport

- secondary (2°) active transport

58
Q

Primary active transport

A

molecular pumps, ATP breakdown is directly part of transport process (ex: Na/L ATPase pump)

59
Q

Secondary active transport

A

cotransport (use of ATP is indirect)

60
Q

Example of secondary active transport

A

glucose entry at small intestine 2 steps:

  • Na gradient established by Na/K ATPase
  • glucose and Na both must bind to carrier and are cotransported into the cell so Na moving down its concentration gradient drives in glucose against its conc. gradient
61
Q

Vesicular transport

A

substance is surrounded by a membrane w/ in a cell (vesicle)

62
Q

2 types of vesicular transport

A
  • endocytosis

- exocytosis

63
Q

Endocytosis

A

movement into a cell

64
Q

2 types of endocytosis

A
  • phagocytosis

- pinocytosis

65
Q

Phagocytosis

A

large items into a cell, cell eating (ex: bacteria)

66
Q

Pinocytosis

A

fluids and dissolved substances, cell drinking

67
Q

Exocytosis

A

movement out of cell, vesicles containing hormones, enzymes, nt fuse. fuse will cell membrane releasing contents into ECF

68
Q

Joiner/linker proteins

A

anchor to membrane of cytoskeleton or an adjacent cell

69
Q

2 types of joiner proteins

A
  • junctional proteins between cell forming: desmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions
  • extracellular fibres (glycoproteins)

Biol 1412 (15 decks)

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