Topic 12

Question 1

2 types of resistance

Answer 1

• innate

- adaptive

Question 2

Innate

Answer 2

prevents entry of microbes into body or remove foregone material.

Question 3

Physical barriers for innate

Answer 3

skin, mucous membranes

Question 4

Mechanical barriers for innate

Answer 4

flow of tears, sweat, mucus, cilia beating, coughing, sneezing

Question 5

Chemical barriers for innate

Answer 5

• gastric acid, lysozyme (salvia, tears)

- interferons = produced by virus infected cells. trigger mechanisms in nearby uninfected cells that prevent infection

Question 6

Normal micro biome for innate

Answer 6

outcompete newcomers

Question 7

Phagocytes for innate

Answer 7

macrophages and neutrophils

Question 8

Inflammation for innate

Answer 8

local tissue damage. release of chemicals (ex: histamine (vasodilator) from mast cells. results in swelling, heat, redness, pain/loss of function.. attracts neutrophils and then macrophages

Question 9

Fever for innate

Answer 9

immune cells and microbe chemicals trigger release of prostaglandins in hypothalamus, increase in temp.

Question 10

Aspirin/ibuprofen/acetaminophen

Answer 10

decreases prostaglandin synthesis so decrease in fever

Question 11

Natural killer cells

Answer 11

used in inmate resistance

Question 12

Adaptive immunity

Answer 12

production of specific lymphocyte or antibody against recognized antigen.

Question 13

Antigen (Ag)

Answer 13

protein/polysaccharide recognized as foreign by immune system (parts of bacteria, virus, pollen, parasites, transplants)

Question 14

Antibody (Ab)

Answer 14

plasma protein (y globulin) matches a specific Ag. produced by plasma cells

Question 15

1st step in immune response

Answer 15

phagocyte (macrophage) eats invader and displays parts of it (Ag) on its surface

Question 16

2nd step in immune response

Answer 16

Th binds and is activated (proliferates). releases chemical which maya activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes or B cells

Question 17

If cytotoxic T lymphocytes are activated..

Answer 17

they proliferate and directly destroy cells contain virus, cells altered by cancer or translated organs

Question 18

When cytotoxin T lymphocytes are activated its called..

Answer 18

cell mediated immunity

Question 19

If B cells are activated

Answer 19

proliferate and convert to plasma cells then antibody.

Question 20

When B cells are activated its called…

Answer 20

humoral (antibody mediated) immunity

Question 21

Memory B/T cells also produced ..

Answer 21

long lived permit rapid response on next encounter with some Ag

Question 22

2 types of humoral immunity

Answer 22

• active

- passive

Question 23

Active immunity

Answer 23

lasts years. body makes Ab, memory B cells after exposure to disease organ (natural) OR injection with killed/inactivated disease organ/ vaccination (artificial)

Question 24

Passive immunity

Answer 24

lasts weeks (give Abs and lasts as long as Abs is present)

Question 25

Natural passive immunity

Answer 25

mother to baby across placenta/ in milk

Question 26

Artificial passive immunity

Answer 26

produced Ab (from person, animal, monoclonal) and injected for tetanus, rabies, snake bites, Rh favour. it mops up Ag before it can trigger an immune response in person