Topic 5 Flashcards

1
Q

sensory (afferent) division inputs info into..

A

brain and spinal cord (control centres)

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2
Q

brain and spinal cord integrate info and control effectors though..

A

motor (efferent) division (output)

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3
Q

Reflexes on the spinal cord

A

rapid automatic response to stimuli, always causes the same motor response, usually protective and involves 2 or more neurons

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4
Q

Reflex pathway or arc =

A

pathway of impulses

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5
Q

Reflexes are categorized according to..

A
  • effector
  • which sides of the boys the sensory and motor neurons are located
  • number if synapses and neurons in arc
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6
Q

2 ways reflexes are sorted by effectors

A
  • somatic reflex= effector is skeletal muscle

- visceral (autonomic) reflex - effector is smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or glands

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7
Q

2 ways reflexes are sorted by which sides of the body the sensory and mother neurons are located

A
  • ipsilateral reflex = sensory and motor neurons are on same side
  • contralateral = sensory and motor neurons are on opposite sides
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8
Q

2 ways reflexes are sorted by number of synapses and neurons in arc

A
  • monosynaptic reflex = one synapse between 1 sensory and 1 motor neuron
  • polysynaptic reflex= 2 or more synapses between 3 or more neurons
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9
Q

3 somatic spinal reflexes

A
  • stretch reflex
  • flexor reflex
  • crosses extensor reflex
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10
Q

Stretch reflex

A

ex: knee jerk reflex. extensor muscle contacts. ipsilateral, monosynaptic
- stimulus= tapping patellar ligament, which stretches the quadriceps fears muscle
- receptor= muscle spindle
- effector- skeletal muscle contacts

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11
Q

Flexor reflex

A
ex: in leg
ipsilateral, polysynaptic
-stimulus= stepping on nail
-receptor= touch, pressure, pain
-effector= hamstrings contacts
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12
Q

Crosses extensor reflex

A

ex: in leg
contralateral, polysynaptic, keeps you from falling
-stimulus= stepping on nail
-receptor= touch, pressure, pain
-effector= quadriceps femoris in opposite leg contacts

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13
Q

Reciprocal inhibition

A

skeletal muscle (or group) contracts (agonist), at same time, antagonist prevented from contracting.

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14
Q

Example of reciprocal inhibition

A

stretch reflex

  • quadriceps femoris (agonist) contacts
  • hamstrings (antagonist) contraction inhibited
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15
Q

Autonomic spinal reflexes

A

effector = smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or glands

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16
Q

Example of autonomic spinal reflexes

A

micturition reflex- urinary bladder

  • stimulus = stretch of the bladder
  • receptor = stretch receptors in the bladder wall
  • CNS = sacral segment of spinal cord (PSNS)
  • effector= detrusor muscle contacts and internal urethral sphincter opens (both smooth muscle)
17
Q

Cerebrums 4 tasks

A
  • interpreting sensory info from general and special sense
  • initiating and controlling skeletal muscle movement
  • memory, intellect
  • relaying info between different parts of the brain and/or spinal cord
18
Q

Brain stem

A
  • controls life sustaining processes

- if brain stem functional but high centres damaged then your alive but not aware, no conscious control

19
Q

3 parts of the brainstem

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
20
Q

Midbrain

A

auditory and visual reflexes, movement of eyes, had, and neck in response to stimuli

21
Q

Pons

A

functions with medulla to regulate breathing

22
Q

3 functional regions of the medulla oblongata

A
  • decussation of sensory and motor tracts
  • autonomic vital reflex centres
  • other non vital areas
23
Q

Decussation (crossing) of sensory and motor tracts

A

left brain controls right skel. muscles, receives sensory input from right side

24
Q

2 Autonomic vital reflex centres

A
  • respiratory area (drives breathing rate

- cardiovascular centre (cardiac area= heart rate) (vasomotor area= controls blood vessel diameter)

25
Other non vital areas of the modular oblongata
controls swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, etc
26
6 major functions of the hypothalamus
- regulates ANS for smooth and cardica muscle and glands - regulates parts of endocrine system - regulates temp (thermostat cells) - regulates food and water intake - part of limbic system - part of reticular activating system (RAS)
27
Limbic system
cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus. emotional brain where basic emotions are regulated
28
Reticular activating system (RAS)
reticular formation in brainstem, cortex, and thalamus. alerting function when awake receives sensory input for awaking (sleep cycle)
29
If all major homeostatic function are damaged...
loss of homeostasis