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HL Chem > Topic 8/18 > Flashcards

Topic 8/18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Metal + acid =

A

Salt and hydrogen gas

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2
Q

Metal oxide/hydroxide + acid =

A

Salt and water

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3
Q

Metal carbonate + acid =

A

Salt, water, and Co2

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4
Q

Equation to calculate ph
Equation to calculate pOH

A

pH = -log[H+]
pOH = -log[OH]

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5
Q

Equation to calculate hydrogen ion concentration

A

[H+] = 10^-pH

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6
Q

Reaction for weak base and water

A

B + H2O = BH+ + OH-

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7
Q

What does low pka and pkb mean?

A

Higher Ka and higher Kb respectively indicating a stronger base and acid

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8
Q

What do concentration of weak acid and base at equilibrium equal?

A

The concentration of acid and base initially

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9
Q

Conjugate base of HClO

A

ClO-

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10
Q

How to determine pka from ka?

A

pKa = -logKa

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11
Q

Find pH when given concentration and pka

A
  1. Find Ka using Ka = 10^-pka
  2. Ice table
  3. Sub in values in Ka equation to find [H+]
  4. Find pH using pH = -log[H]+
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12
Q

Acid deposition equation for nitrogen to nitrogen oxide

A

R means radical
1. N2 + O2 = 2NOR
2. 2NOR + O2 = 2NO2R
3. 2NO2R + H2O = HNO3 + HNO2

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13
Q

Acid deposition equation for sulphur to sulphur dioxide

A
  1. S + O2 = SO2
  2. 2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3
  3. SO2 + H20 = H2SO3
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14
Q

What is acid deposition? How can a calcium compound reduce a problem caused bya cid deposition?

A

Acid deposition is acidic precipitation

Calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide can be added to water

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15
Q

What do the concentration of strong acid and base equal?

A

The hydroxide or hydronium concentrations

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16
Q

How to make acidic and basic buffer? Should there be more strong or weak?

A

Acidic - weak acid and strong base
Basic - weak base and strong acid

More weak

17
Q

What kind of bond do a lewis acid and a lewis bond make?

A

Covalent

18
Q

What is another technique other than pH titration that can detect equivalence point?

A

calorimetety

19
Q

How to determine pH of titratio before base is added?

A

ICE table with the acid reaction

20
Q

How to determine pH of titration at equivalence point

A
  1. FInd moles and volume of entities
  2. List entities in solution and pick the one that will react
  3. ICE Table and solve for hydronium concentration, also solving for concentration and volume is of both reactants
  4. Convert to pH
21
Q

How to determine pH of titration after base added

A
  1. Find moles of both and limiting reactant, amount of excess that remains
  2. List entities and choose the one that has the excess
22
Q

How to determine pH of titration after equivalence point?

A

c1v1 (of base originally)/ v2 (of acid and base

and C2 represents the concentration of the base after equivalence

23
Q

How to determine pH of buffer?
How does it differ after some hydronium or hyxodie has been added

A

Compound first and make table, solving for hydronium or hydxodie concentration
2. Use Ka/Kb calculation

It would differ in that in the concentration section yo have to add that amount

24
Q

At higher temperatures what happens to the pH of the water?

A

Slightly below 7 but still neutral becuase [H+] = [OH-] but Kw increases becuase reaction endothermic and proceeds forward

25
Q

What makes rain naturally acidic?

A

Carbon dioxide because combines with water to form carbonic acid

26
Q

Indicator of colour A has pka of 5.1, why is it colour B at ph 7.

A

Neutral of this indicator is 5.1, but since 7 is more basic, it will shift to the right to combine with the H+ and make water to avoid disrupting the equilibrium

27
Q

Is Lewis acid electrophile or nucleophile? How about lewis base?

A

Lewis Acid - electrophile
Lewsi Base - nucleophile, has lone pair of electrons

28
Q

How to figure out indicator for titration?`

A

Vertical region of titration curve, equivalence point shuold equal ph range

29
Q

How does buffer solution formed during ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide resist small changes of acid added using equatin?

A

H+ + CH3COO- = CH3COOH

Added acid neutralized by ehtanoate ions

30
Q

Equation for NH3 acting as Lewis base

A

NH3 + BF3 = H3NBF3

31
Q

How do you know if starting acid is weak in titration curve?

A

Buffer region, and equivalence point higher than 7

32
Q

Which oxides contirbute to acid deposition?

A

Nitrus and sulfur dioxide

33
Q

What is the same for strong and weak acids of teh same concentration

A

Volume of base required for neutralization

34
Q

Two ways to reduce environmental impact of coal production

A
  • Remove sulfur form coal through hydroesulfuration
  • remove sulfur oxides through neutralization
  • not allow sulfur oxides to be released to evironemnt

HL Chem (13 decks)

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