Topic 8 Flashcards

1
Q

2 purposes of Catabolic pathways

A

breakdown of larger molecules, release and storage of high energy molecules,

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2
Q

catabolic pathways are

A

oxidative, cofactors are reduced

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3
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

1) oxidation of reduced cofactors and reduction of molecular oxygen
2) phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

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4
Q

how are the 2 processes of oxidative phosphorylation linked

A

proton gradient across mitochondrial membrane

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5
Q

overview of oxidative phosphorylation

A

reduced cofactors in glycolosis and CAC, ETC, proton gradient, ATP

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6
Q

where does this occur

A

mitochondrial membrane

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7
Q

Complexes 1-4 are

A

integral membrane proteins

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8
Q

coenzyme Q

A

lipid soluble coenzyme, hydrophobic, transports to Complex iii from i and ii, ubiquinol

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9
Q

cytochrome C

A

peripheral membrane protein

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10
Q

electrons move from ______ reduction potential

A

lower to higher

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11
Q

Flavin mononucleotide

A

FMN + 2H+ 2e- FMNH2

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12
Q

Iron-sulfur clusters

A

Fe3+ + e- Fe2+

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13
Q

Cytochrome heme group vs hemoglobin heme group

A

cytochrome prosthetic group does not have proximal histidine that prevents oxidation of Fe, cuz you want it to oxidize

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14
Q

higher reduction potential

A

more neg G

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15
Q

terminal electron acceptor

A

O2

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16
Q

what kind of transport uses redox reactions to transport protons across membrane

A

primary transport

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17
Q

1 NADH equals how many protons

A

10

18
Q

when reductional potential increases (more positive) free energy

A

decreases

19
Q

Complex II is what and purpose

A

succinate dehydrogenase, contains FAD as prosthetic group, oxidizes succinate to fumerate (CAC) , e- moved to coenzyme Q, no protons

20
Q

1 FADH2 how many protons

A

6

21
Q

Proton gradient

A

matrix has high pH (neg) and intermembrane space has low pH (pos)

22
Q

potential energy converted to

A

chemical energy in phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP

23
Q

how many H per ATP

A

3

24
Q

How many ATP per NADH

A

~3.3

25
Q

ATP synthase

A

Fo - oligomycin, transmembrane portion, protons pass through, triggers change in F1
F1- catalytic portion, synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi

26
Q

what does rate of ATP synthesis affect

A

proton movement and oxygen consumption

27
Q

every turn of central shaft makes how many ATP

A

3

28
Q

rate of oxygen consumption is coupled to

A

ATP synthesis

29
Q

P:O ratio

A

amount of ATP per oxygen atom reduced to water

30
Q

how much water is made per electron carrier

A

1 (each 2e-)

31
Q

P:O ratio NADH reoxidized

A

~2.5

32
Q

P:O ratio FADH2 reoxidized

A

~1.5

33
Q

rate of oxidative phosphorylation depends on

A

Concentration of ADP

34
Q

oxygen consumption increases when

A

concentration of ADP increases

35
Q

what does ADP concentration reflect

A

energy consumption of cell

36
Q

coupling in low and high energy use

A

KNOW THE PATHWAY and CHART

37
Q

uncoupled protons

A

enter without going through ATP synthase, generate heat instead (Ek)

38
Q

do mammals use uncoupled deliberately

A

yes to purposely generate heat

39
Q

in the presence of an uncoupler, O2 ….

A

consumption increases

40
Q

what happens in the presence of an uncoupler

A

electron transport occurs without ATP synthesis, and catabolism of fuel molecules occurs without ATP synthesis

-proton gradient dissipated faster

41
Q

what happens when proton gradient is dissipated faster

A

rate of e- transport goes up therfore O2 consumption rises, rate of reaction in citric cycles rises

42
Q

example of uncoupler

A

2,4-dinitrophenol “diet pill” essentially burns fat without activity