Topic 8

Question 1

2 purposes of Catabolic pathways

Answer 1

breakdown of larger molecules, release and storage of high energy molecules,

Question 2

catabolic pathways are

Answer 2

oxidative, cofactors are reduced

Question 3

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 3

1) oxidation of reduced cofactors and reduction of molecular oxygen
2) phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

Question 4

how are the 2 processes of oxidative phosphorylation linked

Answer 4

proton gradient across mitochondrial membrane

Question 5

overview of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 5

reduced cofactors in glycolosis and CAC, ETC, proton gradient, ATP

Question 6

where does this occur

Answer 6

mitochondrial membrane

Question 7

Complexes 1-4 are

Answer 7

integral membrane proteins

Question 8

coenzyme Q

Answer 8

lipid soluble coenzyme, hydrophobic, transports to Complex iii from i and ii, ubiquinol

Question 9

cytochrome C

Answer 9

peripheral membrane protein

Question 10

electrons move from ______ reduction potential

Answer 10

lower to higher

Question 11

Flavin mononucleotide

Answer 11

FMN + 2H+ 2e- FMNH2

Question 12

Iron-sulfur clusters

Answer 12

Fe3+ + e- Fe2+

Question 13

Cytochrome heme group vs hemoglobin heme group

Answer 13

cytochrome prosthetic group does not have proximal histidine that prevents oxidation of Fe, cuz you want it to oxidize

Question 14

higher reduction potential

Answer 14

more neg G

Question 15

terminal electron acceptor

Answer 15

O2

Question 16

what kind of transport uses redox reactions to transport protons across membrane

Answer 16

primary transport

Question 17

1 NADH equals how many protons

Answer 17

10

Question 18

when reductional potential increases (more positive) free energy

Answer 18

decreases

Question 19

Complex II is what and purpose

Answer 19

succinate dehydrogenase, contains FAD as prosthetic group, oxidizes succinate to fumerate (CAC) , e- moved to coenzyme Q, no protons

Question 20

1 FADH2 how many protons

Answer 20

6

Question 21

Proton gradient

Answer 21

matrix has high pH (neg) and intermembrane space has low pH (pos)

Question 22

potential energy converted to

Answer 22

chemical energy in phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP

Question 23

how many H per ATP

Answer 23

3

Question 24

How many ATP per NADH

Answer 24

~3.3

Question 25

ATP synthase

Answer 25

Fo - oligomycin, transmembrane portion, protons pass through, triggers change in F1 F1- catalytic portion, synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi

Question 26

what does rate of ATP synthesis affect

Answer 26

proton movement and oxygen consumption

Question 27

every turn of central shaft makes how many ATP

Answer 27

3

Question 28

rate of oxygen consumption is coupled to

Answer 28

ATP synthesis

Question 29

P:O ratio

Answer 29

amount of ATP per oxygen atom reduced to water

Question 30

how much water is made per electron carrier

Answer 30

1 (each 2e-)

Question 31

P:O ratio NADH reoxidized

Answer 31

~2.5

Question 32

P:O ratio FADH2 reoxidized

Answer 32

~1.5

Question 33

rate of oxidative phosphorylation depends on

Answer 33

Concentration of ADP

Question 34

oxygen consumption increases when

Answer 34

concentration of ADP increases

Question 35

what does ADP concentration reflect

Answer 35

energy consumption of cell

Question 36

coupling in low and high energy use

Answer 36

KNOW THE PATHWAY and CHART

Question 37

uncoupled protons

Answer 37

enter without going through ATP synthase, generate heat instead (Ek)

Question 38

do mammals use uncoupled deliberately

Answer 38

yes to purposely generate heat

Question 39

in the presence of an uncoupler, O2 ....

Answer 39

consumption increases

Question 40

what happens in the presence of an uncoupler

Answer 40

electron transport occurs without ATP synthesis, and catabolism of fuel molecules occurs without ATP synthesis -proton gradient dissipated faster

Question 41

what happens when proton gradient is dissipated faster

Answer 41

rate of e- transport goes up therfore O2 consumption rises, rate of reaction in citric cycles rises

Question 42

example of uncoupler

Answer 42

2,4-dinitrophenol "diet pill" essentially burns fat without activity