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Bioch 200 > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Avery MacLeod

A

Transformative element = DNA

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2
Q

Hershey-Case

A

bacteriophage labeled with DNA has radioactive progeny

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3
Q

Mono/dinucleotides

A

redox rxn, energy transfer, intracellular signalling, biosynthetic reaction

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4
Q

examples of mon/dinucleotides

A

NAD+/NADPH, ATP, GTP, cAMP

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5
Q

polynucleotides

A

storage and code genetic info, as enzymes

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6
Q

examples of polynucleotides

A

DNA/RNA, RNA enzymes, riboenzyme

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7
Q

Nucleotides are..

A

make up nucleic acids, high energy molecules (NTP and electron carriers)

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8
Q

Nucleotide composition (dAMP)

A

phosphate, nitrogen containing aromatic base, deoxyribose sugar

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9
Q

Pyrimidine

A

1 ring, 2 N at 1 and 3

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10
Q

Uracil

A

pyrimidine, 2 carboxyl, 2 amide, 6 H-bonds

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11
Q

Thymine

A

pyrimidine, 2 carboxyl, 2 amide, 1 methyl, 6 H-bonds

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12
Q

Cytosine

A

pyrimidine, 1 carboxyl, 3 amide, 6 H-bonds

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13
Q

Purine

A

2 rings, N at 1, 3, 7, 9, start numbering N farthest from smaller ring

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14
Q

Adenine

A

purine, 4 amide, 1 amide branch, 6 H-bonds

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15
Q

Guanine

A

purine, 1 carboxyl, 1 amide branch, 8 H-bonds

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16
Q

RNA bases

A

GACU

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17
Q

DNA bases

A

CAGT

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18
Q

Nucleoside

A

5C sugar bound to:
N1 in pyrimidine
N9 in purine

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19
Q

RNA 5C sugar

A

ribose

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20
Q

DNA 5C sugar

A

deoxyribose

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21
Q

Naming nucleosides

A

purine ends in -osine
pyrimidine ends in -idine
ribose no prefix
deoxyribose add deoxy-

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22
Q

Nucleotides

A

5C sugar connected to phosphate with phosphodiester bond

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23
Q

naming nucleotides

A

ribose/deoxyribose name, 5’ mono/di/triphospahte

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24
Q

Ribose

A

5C sugar, OH at C1 (up), C2 (down), C3(down), OCH2 at C4

25
Q

Deoxyribose

A

5C sugar, OH at C1 (up), H at C2 (down), C3(down), OCH2 at C4

26
Q

Phosphoester bond

A

phosphate ester, link carbons to phosphates

27
Q

Phosphodiester bond

A

2 phosphate ester bonds, links 2 different carbons

28
Q

Phosphoanhydride

A

link 2 phosphates together

29
Q

Structure of nucleic acids

A

direction 5’ to 3’

30
Q

primary structure of nucleic acids

A

order of monomers in a polymer ex. 5’ AGTC 3’

31
Q

Backbone

A

net charge comes from phosphate
polar
backbone in RNA is more polar > contains 2’ OH (H-bonds)

32
Q

Phosphates attached to a single C

A

mono- di- tri-

33
Q

Phosphates attached to multiple C

A

bis- tris-

34
Q

Hydrolysis of phosohodiester

A

phosphodiesterase

35
Q

DNA is more stable than RNA because….

A

doesn’t have a second OH that can spontaneously hydrolyze in alkaline (pH > 10) conditions

36
Q

how does cytosine turn into uracil

A

deanimates the 4C

37
Q

Properties of the Bases

A
  • heterocyclic
  • aromatic
  • planar
  • poorly soluble in water
  • hydrophobic
38
Q

sugar phosphate backbone polar or non polar?

A

POLAR

39
Q

hyperchromicity

A

increase in absorbance

ex. when DNA or RNA denatures

40
Q

A260/A20 DNA

A

1.8-1.95

41
Q

A260/A20 protein

A

<1

42
Q

used to measure conc of nucleic acids

A

A260 and Beer Lamberts Law

43
Q

Secondary structure of DNA

A

dna forms double helix through H-bonds (non-covalent)

44
Q

Chargaff’s Rule

A

A=T C=G

45
Q

DNA (B-form)

A 
structure in aqueous environment 
hydrophobic core 
polar exterior 
bases excluded from H2O
rib/deoxyrib exposed to H2O
H bonds in base pairing 
~10 bp per turn
46
Q

Base-stacking

A

primarily Van der Waals
also hydrophobic forces
anti parallel
right handed twist

47
Q

DNA denaturation

A

ds to ss
disruption of base stacking and H-bonds
essential for transcription and translation
changes in absorption

48
Q

Tm

A

midpoint of melting

characteristic of base composition and solvent conditions

49
Q

Hypochromicity

A

Low absorbance ex. ds DNA

50
Q

Renaturation

A

reformation of DNA, nucleation and zippering

51
Q

which bonds in base pairing are stronger and why?

A

GC triple bonds and more H bonds

52
Q

More GC =

A

higher Tm

53
Q

A260/280 ratio RNA

A

~2.1

54
Q

RNA secondary structure

A

H-bonded base pairs
2’ OH group
Helical
Hydrophobic/ van der Waal

55
Q

RNA base pairing

A

intrastrand

56
Q

DNA base pairing

A

interstrand

57
Q

low salt = Tm

A

decreases, double helix destabilizes

58
Q

high salt = Tm

A

increases, stabilizes helix

59
Q

pH increases = Tm

A

decreases

Bioch 200 (7 decks)

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