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Bioch 200 > Topic 7 > Flashcards

Topic 7 Flashcards

1
Q

metabolism

A

metabolites and metabolic intermediates go through a series of enzyme catalyzed reaction

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2
Q

2 main goals of metabolism

A

obtain usable chemical energy and make specific molecules

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3
Q

Anabolic pathways

A

use energy to make molecules (e- used to make new bonds), usually reductive

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4
Q

Catabolic pathways

A

release energy when bonds are broken (e- removed and bonds break), usually oxidative

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5
Q

Amphibolic pathways

A

both catabolic and anabolic depending on conditionns

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6
Q

food to metabolic intermediates is

A

catabolic

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7
Q

metabolic intermediates to cellular constituents is

A

anabolic

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8
Q

macromolecules that are not a significant food source

A

nucleic acids (nucleotides)

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9
Q

macromolecules that are ok food sources

A

protein

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10
Q

macromolecules that are great food sources

A

polysaccharides and tricylgycerols

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11
Q

carbohydrates are stored as ____ in ____ cells

A

glycogen in liver (hepatocytes) and muscle (myocytes) cells

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12
Q

hepatocytes

A

maintain blood glucose

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13
Q

myocytes

A

greedy, keeps fat for itself

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14
Q

fatty acids stored as

A

adipocytes

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15
Q

most significant fuel molecule

A

adipocytes

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16
Q

free energy change depends on

A

concentration of substances

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17
Q

Biochemical standard state

A

pH 7, [S] and [P] at 1M, 25 C temp, pressure 1 atm, [H2O] 55M

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18
Q

A reaction will only proceed if

A

G is neg

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19
Q

G > 0

A

NOT PROCEED

20
Q

G < 0

A

SPONTANEOUS

21
Q

G &laquo_space;0

A

IRREVERSIBLE

22
Q

G ~ 0

A

REVERSIBLE, EQUILIBRIUM

23
Q

if reversible reaction, what can change direction

A

changes in concentration

24
Q

even for a pathway to proceed

A

G < 0

25
Q

what kind of steps are regulated

A

irreversible

26
Q

rate limiting step

A

irreversible, determines overal rate

27
Q

product inhibition

A

enzyme inhibited by product of reaction

28
Q

feedback inhibiton

A

enzyme inhibited by metabolite further down pathway

29
Q

Feedback inhibition is usually

A

negative heteroallostery

30
Q

feed forward activation

A

enzyme activated by metabolite upstream

31
Q

reciprocal regulation

A

opposing pathways catalyze reverse (bad for net consumption of ATP), regulation occurs so both do not happen at the same time

32
Q

high energy intermediates

A

compounds that contain usable chemical energy

33
Q

3 major types of high energy molecules

A

electron carriers (NADH, FADH), nucleotide triphosphate, (ATP,GTP), thioesters

34
Q

Catabolism

A

metabolites oxidized, cofactors reduced, NAD+ or FAD

35
Q

Anabolism

A

metabolites reduced, cofactors oxidized, NAPDH

36
Q

how can nucleotides be electron carriers

A

nitrogen base enables a reversibel reduction reaction

37
Q

NAD+ and NADP are

A

co substrates

38
Q

FAD is

A

prosthetic group

39
Q

what must happen to FAD

A

Ubiquinone is reduced to ubiquinol which reoxidizes FADH back to FAD to be used

40
Q

ATP is high energy cuz

A

phosphoanhydride bonds

41
Q

approximately how much energy does hydrolysis of ATP molecule release

A

-32 kJ/mol

42
Q

ADP vs ATP

A

decreased electrostatic repulsion, energetically favourable, resonance stabilization, solvation effects

43
Q

which one is more electrostatic-ally favourable? ADP or phosphate alone

A

phosphate alone

44
Q

thioesters

A

high energy, similar to esters but no e- delocalization

45
Q

ATP

A

energy currency (phosphoanhydride bonds, catabolism (substrate level phosphorylation

46
Q

ATP uses

A

coupling unfavourable reactions, muscle or flagella movement, primary active transport

47
Q

how much energy does hydrolysis of phosphocreatine make

A

-43 kJ/mol

Bioch 200 (7 decks)

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