TOPIC 7 - détente + search for world peace Flashcards
Détente = ….
Reduction in tension
…. Set up after Cuba = ….
Hotline
Improved communication
Linkage = Nixon policy to …
Offer concessions
Nixon played …. against one another
Soviet leaders off
Nixon visited ….. in 1972
China + Moscow
Soviet leader …. Worried about potential …..
Brezhnev
Chinese-US alliance
Brezhnev doctrine = ……
USSR would put down any attempted uprisings against communism
SALT = ….
Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty
What was SALT?
No further production of short range missiles
SALT II = ban on …..
Voided by …… in …
Construction of land based missiles
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
1979
Helsinki Agreements in ….
USSR accepts that …..
Closer …. between nations
1975
West Germany exists
Links
In …., American Ping Pong team invited to ….. - first ….. since ….
1971
China
US citizens to do so
1949
Trading embargo lifted in …..
1971
Nixon visits China in …. = better …. And reduced …..
1972
Relations
Tension over Vietnam
Communist revolution in Afghanistan in ….
1978
…. (Guerrilla army) declared …. (holy war) on ….
Mujahdeen
Jihad
Amin’s government
In 1979 - …. Troops from the USSR invade ….. - relationship ……
50,000
Afghanistan
Deteriorates again
USA concerned about potential Soviet …..
Control of oil supplies
President Carter adopted …. Towards the USSR
Firm approach
Carter Doctrine promised ……
Military aid to all nations bordering Afghanistan
US companies forbidden to …… with USSR
Trade high tech goods
Carter pressured US Olympic team to ….
Boycott 1980 Moscow Olympics
Reagan adopted ….. approach than ….. - called USSR ‘…..’
Even firmer
Carter
‘Evil Empire’
Star Wars initiative = ‘…..’ = …..
‘Nuclear umbrella’
Lasers in space intercept missiles
Gorbachev = …..
Last leader of the USSR
Gorbachev recognised ….
Limitations of communism
Perestroika = …..
Economic reforms
Glasnost = ….
Censorship of press relaxed
Arms race with USA ended at …… in ….. with …..
followed by ….. in ….. and ……
Geneva Conference
November 1985
Reagan
Washington
1987
INF treaty
By 1991, …. weapons destroyed
2692
…. Of Gorbachev and Reagan important in …..
Wives
Bringing them together
Malta conference in ….. = …. And …. = Cold War …..
1989
Bush Snr
Gorbachev
Over
Strategic Arms Reduction + Limitation Treaty (…..) in …..
START 1
1990-91
Gorbachev stopped Soviet ……
Interference in Poland and Czechoslovakia
Sinatra Doctrine = members of ….. could make changes without threat of ….. - reversing …..
Warsaw Pact
USSR invasion
Brezhnev Doctrine
Weakened communism in …..
Eastern Europe
East German gov announced opening of ….. on …..
Border crossing into west Germany
9th Nov 1989
German people began ……
Dismantling the wall
West and East officially united in ….
October 1990
German joined …. - Warsaw Pact ….
NATO
gone
Satellite states moved …..
Easily away from USSR
Gorbachev resigned in ….. - USSR …. - Cold War was …..
Dec 1991
Collapsed
Over
….. forced to abdicate in Jan 1979
Reza Pahlavi
Vital oil interests in …..
Gulf + Iran
Iran under control of ….. leaders ….. - called USA ‘….’
Fundamentalist religious
Khomeini
Great Satan
In …… - 66 Americans taken hostage at …..
Nov 1979
US Embassy in Tehran
Hostage takers demanded ….. - Carter …
Extradition of the Shah
Refused
Rescue attempt failed in …..
Apr 1980
20 mins after Reagan became President, ……
52 American hostages released
Iraq leader = …. - invaded …. in ….
Saddam Hussein
Kuwait
August 1990
USA - military action to remove …. From …… successful by …..
Iraqis
Kuwait
Feb 1991
