TOPIC 1 - economic downturn + recovery Flashcards
By the end of 1929, unemployment had reached …..
2.5 million
By 1932, unemployment had increased to ……
13 million
US economy had …… and there was a fall in ……
collapsed
world trade
Less demand for American consumer goods led to …….. which meant unemployment …..
businesses closing
rising
…… were usually the first to lose their jobs
Black workers
Black unemployment in 1933 was …..%
White unemployment in 1933 was …..%
50
20
As more people lost their jobs, they also lost …..
Their homes
Unemployed set up alternative homes nicknamed …. to …..
Hoovervilles
mock the president
Some unemployed called Hobos ……
drifted across the country on freight trains looking for work
By 1932 there were …. Hobos
2 million
In …. there was a drought which hurt ….. the worst
1931
Oklahoma, New Mexico and Kansas
Poor …. exhausted the soil and the drought …..
farming methods
turned it into dust
more than ….. farmers packed up their things and left to ……
1 million
find work in the fruit growing areas of the west coast
Those who left Oklahoma = …..
Those who left Arkansas = …..
Okies
Arkies
Farmers in west were …. to employ them as they worked for ……
Locals resented them for …..
Happy
Low wages
Taking jobs
Marriages fell by almost …. in 1932
….. rate also fell
250,000
Birth
Suicide rate increased to ….. suicides per ….. people at its peak by …..
17.4
1000
1932
In Arkansas, some schools closed for ….. of the year as they couldn’t …..
10 months
Afford to pay teachers
By 1932, …..% of the population received no income
25
In 1932, …… veterans marched to Washington DC to ask for an …..
12000
early payment for their bonus
Veterans bonus would have cost the government …..
Hoover …..
$2.3million
Refused
…… veteran marchers remained, they were labelled ….. and the …. was called in
a …. was killed and …… injured due to use of tear gas
5000
Communists
Army
Baby
100 others
People believed that Hoover …..
Didn’t care about them
Popular slogan referencing Hoover:
‘In hoover we trusted….. now we are busted’
Hoovers policies were criticised. Such as:
He refused to borrow money
Stuck to republican policies of Rugged Individualism and Laissez-Faire
The Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act of ….. increased ….. but other countries …….
1930
Import duties
Refused to trade with the USA
Hoover spent more on ….. than the previous 30 years e.g. …..
Public works
Boulder Dam
….. won the 1932 election by a landslide
Only …. of the 48 states voted for Hoover in 1932 election
6
Roosevelt = ….
Hoover = …..
Appealing
Unpopular
Roosevelt offered new solutions via the …..
New Deal
The New Deal was based on the 3 Rs…… in order to ……
Relief, Recovery, Reform
Restore the economy
First Hundred Days = …..-…..
9 March - 16 June 1933
Before Roosevelt, ….. banks had closed
2000
What were the Fireside chats?
What did they do?
Personal explanations of Roosevelt’s policies on the radio
Restored confidence
First fireside chat was about …..
He assured the US people that the …..
Banking crisis
Banks would only open when they were secure
FERA = …
Emergency relief $500 million for unemployed
CCC =
Creation of jobs for men aged 18-25 e.g planting trees
NRA =
Set fair prices, wages + working conditions - symbol of blue eagle
Second New Deal in ….. when …. unemployed
1935
10 million
Opposition to New Deal from …..
Huey Long, politicians on both sides and the Supreme Court
Between 1861-1933 there were only … years of democrat presidents
Republicans dominated …..
16
Supreme Court
The Sick Chickens Case in ….. found the …… illegal
1935
NIRA
The US vs Butler Case in …. Found …. Illegal
1936
AAA
In ….. FDR attempted to retire Supreme Court judges over …. and replace with ……
This was ….. which ……
1937
70 years old
Supporters
Unconstitutional
Damaged his reputation
In …. The Sick Chickens ruling reversed
1937
