Topic 7-C9+C10

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A hydrocarbon is a compound made up only of hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

What are alkanes+first 4

Answer 2

Alkanes are hydrocarbon compounds which have all single bonds, the first 4 are methane, ethane, propane, butane

Question 3

What are alkenes+first 4

Answer 3

Alkenes are hydrocarbon compounds which contain double bonds, the first 4 are methene, ethene, propene, butene

Question 4

What is an alcohol+first 4

Answer 4

An alcohol is a alkane with a -OH instead of a hydrogen, the first 4 are methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol

Question 5

What is a carboxylic acid+first 4

Answer 5

A carboxylic acid is a alkane with a -COOH functional group instead of one of the hydrogens, the first 4 are methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid

Question 6

What are the general formulas for the homologous series’

Answer 6

Alkanes=Cn H2n+2
Alkenes=Cn H2n
Alcohols=Cn H2n+1 OH
Carboxylic acid=Cn H2n+1 COOH

Question 7

What is an ester

Answer 7

An ester is a substance series made of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid

Question 8

What is the word equation for the formation of an ester,

Answer 8

alcohol+carboxylic —-acid catalyst—> ester + water

Question 9

What is polymerisation

Answer 9

Polymerisation is when an alkene
opens its double bonds
and connects with other monomers (other opened up alkenes)
to form a polymer

Question 10

What is fractional distillation and how does it work

Answer 10

Fractional distillation is the splitting of crude oil into its fractions
via heating in a distillation column.
The crude oil is entered at the bottom where it is hottest
and the gas rises up and each type of oil is syphened off at it’s condensing point.
So the oils with the highest condensing point are collected at the bottom and the ones with the highest condensing point collect at the top

Question 11

What is cracking

Answer 11

When you split a longer-less useful- chain into a shorter chain and an alkene