Topic 1-C1+C2

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

An atom is a tiny structure that all things are made of

Question 2

What are the 3 subatomic particles

Answer 2

Neutrons, Protons (in nucleus) and Electrons

Question 3

What is the difference between an Atom and an Ion

Answer 3

Atoms are neutrally charged whereas Ions aren’t

Question 4

What is an Ion

Answer 4

An Ion is an atom which has lost or gained electrons and now has a positive or negative charge

Question 5

What is an element

Answer 5

An elements is a substance made up of atoms with the same number of protons in their nucleus

Question 6

What is the difference between an mixture and a compound

Answer 6

A compound is two or more elements that are CHEMICALLY BONDED

Question 7

Name 5 ways of separating mixtures

Answer 7

Chromatography, filtration, evaporation, crystallisation, distillation

Question 8

Explain JJ Thomson’s atomic ‘plum pudding’ model of 1897

Answer 8

The model said that the atom was:
a positively charged ‘pudding’
with negatively charged electrons electrons stuck in it

Question 9

Explain Ernest Rutherford’s nuclear model of 1909

Answer 9

The model said that there was:
a tiny positively charged nucleus at the centre
where the mass is concentrated
and a ‘cloud’ of negative electrons surrounding it
so most of the atom is empty space

Question 10

Explain Neils Bohr’s atomic model of 1919

Answer 10

The model said that:
There couldn’t have been a cloud of electrons as they would be attracted to the nucleus
so the electrons must be in shells
and orbit the nucleus at a fixed distance

Question 11

How many electrons can each shell house?

Answer 11

1st shell: 2 electrons
2nd shell: 8 electrons
3rd shell: 8 electrons

Question 12

How was the periodic table made and ordered

Answer 12

The periodic table is ordered by atomic weight and by atomic number

Question 13

What is the periodic table of elements sorted into

Answer 13

Groups-columns

Metals on the left and non metals on the right

Question 14

How do the reactivity of elements depend of their group

Answer 14

Most atoms react to gain a full outer shell of electrons
Elements on the left will lose an electron
and form + ions
Elements on the right will gain an electron
and form - ions

Question 15

Explain the reactivity trend in group 1(Alkali metals)

Answer 15

As you down the group, reactivity increases.
Because the outer shell electron is further away
and there is more electron sheilding
so there is less of an attraction to the nucles
and can be lost easier

Question 16

Explain the reactivity trend in group 7(Halogens)

Answer 16

As you down the group, reactivity decreases.
Because the outer shell is further away
and there is more electron sheilding
so there is less of an attraction to the nucles
and it is more difficult to gain an electron

Question 17

What are the group 0 elements and what makes them special?

Answer 17

Group 0 (a.k.a noble gases)
have 8 electrons in their outer shell
so they don't react much-they are inert.
They exist as momotomic gases
and they also won't catch on fire

Question 18

What is a diatomic element?

Answer 18

A diatomic elements is an elements which exists in a molecule with itself to stay stable e.g O2

Question 19

Name the diatomic elements

Answer 19

Hydrogen-H-have
Nitrogen-N-no
Fluorine-F-fear
Oxygen-O-of
Iodine-I-ice
Chlorine-Cl-cold
Bromine-Br-beer

Question 20

What is a molecule

Answer 20

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together- sort of like a compound but only one unit