Topic 7 Flashcards
what are the guidelines for conducting an interview
speak briefly
when you do not know what to say, say nothing
when in doubt, focus on feelings
avoid advice
avoid relying on question
pay attention to nonverbal cues
keep the focus on the client
therapeutic communication
refers to a dynamic interactive process entered into by health care providers with their patient and the significant others for the purpose of achieving identified health realted goals
help build rapport with the patient
what are the phases of the interview process
phase 1: orientation
phase 2: working
phase 3: termination
phase 1
orientation: assessment phase, what is their health status based or their view (goals set) MOST IMPORTANT AS YOU ARE BUILDING TRUST WITH THE PATIENT
phase 2
working: planning and implementation of interventions needed
phase 3
termination: goals are accomplished (discharged) relationship with the client ends
nonverbal communication
eye contact
active listening
personal space (1.5-3or4 feet)
touch
facial expressions
gestures
body language
personal appearance
verbal communications
words: to clarify beliefs and values; communicate perception and meanings (tone, speed, pauses, ect.)
clairifying techniques
honest
therapeutic communication across cultures
communication styles (hand gestures, facial expressions, ect)
use of eye contact
perception of touch
cultural filters
what are cultural filters
a format of cultural bias or prejudice
stereotyping
a bias believing every member of a selective group is like all the rest
what are the communication techniques?
use of silence
active listening
clarifying techniques
“what if” or miracle questions
use of silence
silence can be influencing as it helps encourage the client to think; respond when they are ready; to know that you are there for them
active listening
observe the clients nonverbal communication, listen to the message; understand; listen fro false notes; provide feedback
what are the clarifying techniques
paraphrasing
restating
reflecting
exploring
paraphrasing
restating in few words what was said
restating
echoing feelings; saying the same KEY WORDS that the client used
reflecting
may be a question or mirroring back to the clients feelings
exploring
away to elicit more information such as “tell me more, describe, give me an example”
what if to miracle questions
help establish the client to envision where they are going in the future (clients may want to know their future but as the nurse you cannot predict the future!!)
what are some non therapeutic techniques
excessive questioning
giving approval or disapproval
giving advice
asking “why” questions
changing the subject
excessive questioning may suggest…
you aren’t understanding them
giving approval or disapproval may suggest..
that you think the client is correct or incorrect, so you are judging them
giving advice suggests…
clients decisions are not valid
asking “why” questions suggests…
comes across as an attack and that you dot believe them
changing the subject suggests…
no interest in the clients opinion or what the client has to say
Dr. Charles Lewien
how to talk to different age groups
what are some considerations when providing effective therapeutic communication skills
lifetime experiences
conditioning
predisposition and inherited characteristics
life cycle and life span
relationship to others abilities and disabilites
vocation (what they do for a living)
cultural background
communication styles across the lifespan
age range for infant
newborn to 12 mo
infant communication techniques
totally dependent on caregiver
communicate through CRYING OR SMILING
infant therapeutic respinse
provide for infants physical and emotion needs
by 12 months, infants say 3-5 words with meaning swaddle and hold infant in arms
take time to listen and address caregiver
children communication overview
do not fully understand what is happening to them
no comprehension of how medications or treatments work and how it will make them feel better
think meds are punishment
fear of the unknown and understanding
age range of toddler
1-3 years
toddler communication techniques
regress to infantile behaviors when stressed (they think its safer)
LITERAL with interpretation of word (take BP, they think you are actually taking something from them)
toddler therapeutic response
use consistency; routines are important
explain using very basic words
approach slowly
preschooler age range
3-5 years old
preschooler communication techniques
follow simple commands but only ONE AT A TIME
LITERAL with interpretation of words
preschooler therapeutic response
eye contact
sit down at their level
approach slowly
school age range
6-12
School age lifespan considerations
transition from home to school
school age therapeutic response
use terms understandable to child
give choices
provide encouragement and praise
be honest
adolescent age range
13-18 years
adolescent lifespan considerations
transitioning from childhood to adulthood
-fight for independence
-need comfort and security
difficult time
-demands from family school peers society
body changes (puberty
need something to feel good about
acne
difficult time for parents
-transition
-opposing views
adult lifespan considerations
recognize characteristics
-working toward career goals
-earning a living
-establish primary relationships
-making a place in their community
-raising a family
STRESS
-info and assistance in parenting and daily living
-extended psychological adolescent period
-still pursuing education
-still living with parents (boomerang generation)
older adult lifespan considerations
fewer acute illnesses (chronic illness management)
more freedom (empty nest, retirement)
final stage (no longer needed, bored, lack of energy to participate in activities, fear off loss)
interests in younger years tend to remain the same (active vs non active social vs nonsocial)
2010 census bureau
number of people >85 had increased to more than 1.9 million
expect to quadruple
“young old”
65-74
“old”
74-84
“oldest-old”
85+
centenarians
100+
