Topic 11 Flashcards
Literacy vs Health Literacy
· Literacy
o A set of reading, writing, basic mathematics, speech, and speech comprehension skills
· Health Literacy
o The cognitive and social skills that determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to understand and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health
o “The degree to which people have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
what populations are at most rick for low health literacy
elderly
minorities
immigrants
persons of low income (poverty)
people with chronic mental and or physical health conditions
what does low literacy impact
Clients understanding of the information for self-management which leads to hospital readmission and poor health outcomes
what is one of the nurses most important jobs
client education
providing clients with the information need for self management of conditions to ensure continuity of care from the hospital to home
client has a right to be informed about their diagnosis to make a informed decision
what is the goal of client teaching
to make a teaching plan that is good fit for EACH INDIVIDUAL CLIENT
when teaching low literacy clients…
o Teach the smallest amount necessary to do the job for each session
o Use common concrete words and short sentences
o Make your point, use visual aids, symbols, and examples for emphasis
§ Make sure the information is in the correct language
§ Provide appointment cards and discharge instructions
o Incorporate as many senses as possible in the learning process
§ Kinesthetic, visual, auditory, verbal
o Include interaction, have the client restate and demonstrate information
o Review as needed
TJC and client education
o Sets standards for client and family education
§ Mandates nurses and health care team assess the clients learning needs and provide education
client education includes
Maintenance and promotion of health and illness prevention
Restoration of health
Coping with impaired functioning
Maintenance and promotion of health and illness prevention
§ Promoting healthy behavior through education allows clients to assume more responsibility for their own health
Restoration of health
§ Clients recovering from and adapting to changes resulting from illness or injury often seek information about their conditions
Coping with impaired functioning
§ Not all clients fully recover from illness or injury. Teach family members to help the client with health care management
teaching
o The concept of imparting knowledge through a series of directed activities
o Helps individuals gain new knowledge, change attitudes adopt new behaviors or perform new skills
learning
o The purposeful acquisition of now knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills through an experience or external stimulus
o Understanding and applying newly acquires concepts
what is the nurses role in teaching and learning
o Teach information that patients and families need to make informed decisions regarding their care
o Determine what patients need to know
o Identify when patients are ready to learn
TJC “Speak Up” initiative
o helps clients understand their rights when receiving care
§ Speak up if you have questions or concerns
§ Pay attention to the care you get
§ Educate yourself about your illness
§ Ask a trusted family member or friend to be your advocate
§ Know which medicines you take and why
§ Use a health care organization that has been carefully evaluated
§ Participate in all decisions about your treatment
nurse is the _____ of the message to the client who is the _____
sender
receiver/learner
what kind of reinforcement is used in client teaching
positive reinforcement
what technique is VERY helpful when teaching a client
teach back
what are the domains of learning
cognitive, affective, psychomotor
cognitive
§ Includes all intellectual behaviors and requires thinking
affective
§ Deals with expression of feelings and development of attitudes, opinions, or values
psychomotor
§ Involves acquiring skills that require coordination and integration of mental and physical movements
motivation to learn
§ Addresses the clients desire or willingness to learn
attentional set
· The mental state that allows the learner to focus on and comprehend a learning activity
· BEFORE LEARNING ANYTHING THE CLIENT MUST GIVE ATTENTION TO OR CONCENTRATE ON THE INFORMATION TO BE LEARNED, SO DETERMINE THEIR COMFORT LEVEL
social learning theory and motivation to learn
onsiders the personal characteristics of the learner, behavior patterns and the environment and guides the educator in developing effective teaching interventions
self efficacy
a concept included in social learning theory refers to a person perceived ability to successfully complete a task
psychosocial adaptation to illness
Pt needs to grieve. Readiness to learn related to stage of grieving. When pt enters stage of acceptance, stage compatible with learning introduce teaching plan.
active participation
· Implies an eagerness to acquire knowledge or skills
ability to learn
§ Depends on physical and cognitive abilities, developmental level, physical wellness, thought processes
developmental capability
· Cognitive development influences the clients ability to learn. YOU NEED TO KNOW THE CLIENTS LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND INTELLECTUAL SKILLS BEFORE BEGINNING A TEACHING PLAN
· Prior knowledge
learning in children
· The developmental stage of a child determines the capability and types of behaviors that children are able to learn
adult learning
self directed and patient centered
physical capability
· Level of personal development (size, strength coordination, sensory acuity of client)
· Physical health
· Energy
learning environment
· Well lit
· Good ventilation
· Appropriate furniture
· Comfortable temperature
· Quiet
· Private
· MUST FEEL SAFE AND BE ABLE TO TRUST YOU
process of client teaching
assessment
planning
implementation
evaluation
assessment of each clients learning needs include
-Identify literacy level
- Info or skills needed to perform self care and to understand the implications of health care problem
-Client experiences that influence the need to learn
-Information that family caregivers need to support client needs
-The amount of information needed depends on the extent of a family members role in helping the client
assessment
motivation to learn
ability to learn
teaching environment
resources for learning
planning
-Set priorities
-Select timing to teach
· When the client is most attentive, receptive and alert
-Organize the teaching materials
· Say the essential content of what you are teaching in the beginning of the teaching session
· Give a summary of key topics to help the learner remember the most important info
-Use teamwork and collaboration
implementation
-maintain learning attention and participation (active participation)
-build on existing knowledge
-select a teaching approach
-incorparate teaching with nursing care
-select appropriate instructional methods/strategies
Participating Teaching Approach
· A nurse and client set objectives and become involved in the learning process
entrusting teaching approach
· A nurse and client set objectives and become involved in the learning process
what are appropriate instructional methods and strategies
group instruction
one-on-one discussion
preparatory instruction
demonstration
analogy
role playing
simulation
group instruction
· Economical way to teach a number of clients at one time, and clients can interact with one another
· Groups of 6 or fewer
preparatory instruction
· Describe physical sensations during a procedure
· Describe the cause of the sensation, prevention misinterpretation of the experience
· Prepare client only for aspects of the experience that others have commonly notices
· Be sure the clients know when the results will be available and who will give them results of their tests and/or procedures
demonstration
· Client has the chance to practice the skill after observing
o Make sure client can see steps of the demonstration easily, perform step slowly and in sequence, the review rationale and steps of the procedure
o Encourage the client to ask questions so they understand each step
evaluation
have the clients needs been met?
reinforces correct behavior, changing incorrect behavior, helps educator determine adequacy of teaching
client outcomes
§ Legal responsibility
· Nurse has legal responsibility to provide accurate, timely client information that promotes continuity of care; therefore it is essential to document the outcomes of teaching
§ Documentation if client teaching
TEACH BACK
§ Communication technique that assess client retention of the information imparted during a teaching session. If the client has difficulty recalling the material or demonstrating a skill, modify and repeat the content and reassess his or her retention
