TOPIC 6 - psychotic disorders Flashcards
schizoaffective disorder
characterized by an uninterrupted period of illness during which time there is a major depressive, manic, or mixed episode, concurrent with symptoms that meet the criteria for schizophrenia. The symptoms must not be a result of any substance use or abuse or be attributable to a general medical condition
schizophreniform disorder
The essential features of schizophreniform disorder are exactly the same as those of schizophrenia except the symptoms may only last a short time, and impaired social or occupational functioning is usually not apparent
brief psychotic disorder
Brief psychotic disorder is characterized by a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. The episode is usually short-lived and the person returns to his or her premorbid level of functioning. These disorders are usually precipitated by extremely stressful life events.
delusional disorder
Delusional disorder involves nonbizarre delusions (situations that occur in real life, such as being followed, infected, loved at a distance, deceived by a spouse, or having a disease) of at least 1 month’s duration. The person’s ability to function is not markedly impaired, nor is the person’s behavior obviously odd or bizarre. Common types of delusions seen in this disorder are of grandeur, persecution, or jealousy; somatic delusions; and mixed delusions
shared psychotic disorder
a condition in which an individual who is in a close relationship with another individual who has a psychotic disorder with a delusion eventually comes to share the delusional beliefs either in total or in part. Apart from the shared delusion, the behavior of the person who assumes the other’s delusional behavior is not odd or unusual. Impairment of the person who shares the delusion is usually much less than that of the person who has the psychotic disorder with the delusion
substance induced psychotic disorder
Psychosis may be induced by substances (drugs of abuse, alcohol, medications, or toxins) or caused by the physiological consequences of a general medical condition (delirium, neurological conditions, metabolic conditions, hepatic or renal diseases, and many others). Medical conditions and substances of abuse must always be ruled out before a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder can be made
areas of functioning affected with schizophrenia
reality perception - hallucination or delusion
cognitive ability - disorganized thinking, impaired memory, problem solving skills
speech - grossly disorganized thoughts and language
affect - may include dysphoria, SI, hopelessness
behavior and social interaction - inability to function in social settings or ADL’s
positive symptoms
altered sensory perception - hallucination and delusion
catatonia
speech disturbances
thought disturbances
negative symptoms
affect restriction (flat affect)
alogia (poverty of speech or thought block)
avolition (loss of motivation)
apathy (lack of caring)
anergia (little or no energy)
anhedonia (little or no pleasure)
asociality (social isolation)
attention deficit
anosognosia (lack of insight)
mood symptoms
depression
anxiety
demoralization
dysphoria
suicidality
cognitive symptoms
memory impairment
disruption in social learning
inability to reason
inability to problem solve
inattention
most common type of hallucination
auditory
(secondary is visual)
delusions
false fixed beliefs
types: persecutory, jealous, grandiose, religious, somatic
ideas of reference
misinterpretation of messages or giving private, personal meaning to the communication of others
thought broadcasting
belief that ones thoughts can be heard by others
thought insertion
belief that others thoughts are being inserted into ones mind
thought withdrawl
belief that thoughts are being removed from ones mind
loosening of associations
illogical, haphazard thinking, nonsensical
tangenital thinking
inclusion of excessive, unnecessary detail when answering a question
speech disturbance
associative lossening
neologisms
clang association
word salad
echolalia and echopraxia (seen in catonia)
altered behavior/catatonia
bizarre behavior, extreme motor agitation, stereotyped behaviors, wavy flexibility, stupor, negativism, automatic obedience, impulse control
comorbidities
substance abuse
anxiety
depression
OCD
panic disorder
obesity
neurochemical receptors involved
dopamine
serotonin
glutamate
types of imaging used diagnostically
CT
MRI
fMRI
PET
