Topic 6: Animals Protostomes Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 Lophophorate Protostome Phyla?
A
- Ectoprocta
- Brachiopoda
- Phoronida
2
Q
Coelomic Cavity
A
Extend into lophophore for…
- food capture
- gas exchange
- waste elimination
3
Q
Phylum Acoela
A
- Protostomes
- flatworms
- free living or parasitic
- have acoelomate
- are triplobastic
4
Q
Acoela Anatomy
A
- incomplete branching gut
- muscular pharynx can extend to soak up food or expel waste
- nerve cords
- anterior ganglion serves as brain
- hermaphrodites
- water diffusion in wards across body surface
- flame cell system regulates the composition of internal fluids
5
Q
Class Turbellaria
A
- Phylum Acoela
- free living flatworms
- muscular pharynx connects mouth to digestive cavity
- hermaphroditic reproductive system
6
Q
Class Monogenea and Trematoda
A
- Phylum Acoela
- parasitic flukes with suckers or hooks
- tough outer covering
- obtain nutrients from hosts
- can be ectoparasites (attach to gills or skin of aquatic vertebrates)
- can be endoparasites (internal parasites of vertebrates)
7
Q
Monogenes
A
Ectoparsites that are flatworms the attach to gills or skin of aquatic vertebrates
8
Q
Trematodes
A
Endoparasites that are flatworms that internally attach to vertebrates
9
Q
Class Cestoda
A
- Phylum Acoela
- tape worms within intestines of vertebrates
- body consisted of series of identical units, each with own reproductive organs
- absorb nutrients through body wall
- scolex hooks attach to wall of intestine
10
Q
Proglottids
A
Segments of tapeworms that contain both male and female organs
11
Q
Phylum Nemertea
A
- Protostomes
- ribbon worms
- elongated, colourful ribbon shapes
- complete digestive system
- have pseudocoelom
- bilateral symmetry
12
Q
Phylum Mollusca
A
- Protostomes
- 3 regions of body
- have coelom
- bilaterally symmetrical
- most open circularity system (except cephalopods)
13
Q
What are the 3 regions of the mollusk body plan?
A
- Visceral mass
- Head-foot
- Mantle and shell
14
Q
Visceral mass
A
Contains the digestive excretory, and reproductive system and heart of the mollusk
15
Q
Head-foot
A
Provides locomotion and consists of brain, sensory organs and toothy radula in mollusks
16
Q
Mantle / Shell
A
Encloses the visceral mass of the mollusk and houses delicate gill
17
Q
Mollusk Reproduction
A
- separate sexes but some are hermaphroditic
- internal or external fertilization
- zygotes develop into free - swimming, ciliated trochophore larvae
- some trochophore develop into a second larval stage (veliger)
18
Q
Class Polyplacophora
A
- Phylum Mollusca
- chitons
- algae grazing
- dorsal shell divide in 8 plates
- bilaterally symmetrical
19
Q
Class Bivalvia
A
- Phylum Mollusca
- clams, scallops, oysters, and mussels
- consist of hinged pair of shells with opening controlled by adductor muscles
- part of the mantle forms a pair of water-transporting siphons
20
Q
Class Gastropoda
A
- Phylum Mollusca
- snails and slugs
- mostly consist of coiled or cone shaped shell
- feed on algae, calculators plants, and animal prey
21
Q
Gastropod Body Plan
A
- use gills for oxygen
- terrestrial species have modified mantle cavity to function as lung
- undergo torsion which realigns the vertical mass independent of shell
22
Q
Class Cephalopoda
A
- Phylum Mollusca
- squids, octopi, cuttlefish, and nautilus
23
Q
Cephalopoda Body Plan
A
- fused head foot
- larger brain than other mollusks
- use hemolymph to obtain oxygen
- closed circulatory system
24
Q
Phylum Annelida
A
- Protostomes
- segmented worms
- bristle worms, oligochaete worms, and leeches
25
Annelida Body Plan
- body separated by septa
- excretory system composed of tubes (metanephridia)
- nervous system and sensory organs in each segment
- digestive system
- closed circulars system that runs length of animal
26
Class Polychaeta
- Phylum Annelida
- bristle worms
- marine
- use parapodia for locomotion
27
Class Oligochaeta
- Phylum Annelida
- earthworms
- moist habitat
- scavengers and decomposing organic matter
28
Class Hirudinea
- Phylum Annelida
- leeches
- fresh water parasite
- flattened tapered body with sucker at each end
29
Phylum Nematoda
- Protostomes
- round worms
- microscopic
- feed on decaying matter or parasitic to plants and animals
30
Nematode Body Plan
- not segmented
- have pseudo or
- elongated, circular and tapered at both ends
- moult cuticle
- gut runs through body
- species are separate
31
Phylum Arthropoda
- Protostomes
- 3/4 of all animals on earth
- may have been first land animals
- have segmented bodies with hard external covering (exoskeleton)
- have appendages
32
Exoskeleton
Hard external covering of an animal body that is made up of chitin and glycoproteins
33
Function of a Exoskeleton?
- protection
- supporting against gravity
- prevent dehydration
34
Subphylum Trilobita
- Phylum Arthropoda
- extinct
- 3 lobed body
- abundant in Palaeozoic seas
35
Ecdysis
The shed of an old exoskeleton
36
Subphylum Chelicerata and Class Arachnida
- Phylum Arthropoda
- spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, horse shoe crabs
- have chelicerae and pedipalps
- 2 major body regions
37
2 Major Body regions of Subphylum Chelicerata
1. Cepalothorax (fused head and thorax)
2. Abdomen
38
Chelicerae
First pair of fang like appendages near mouth of an arachnid
39
Pedipalps
Second pair of appendages used as grasping organs for arachnids
40
Subphylum Myriapoda
- Phylum Arthropoda
- millipedes and centipedes
- terrestrial
- 2 body regions (head and trunk)
41
Subphylum Crustancea
- Phylum Arthropoda
- shrimp, lobster, crabs
- have carapace (protective covering for cephalothorax)
42
Subphylum Hexapoda
- Phylum Arthropoda
- 1 million species
- go through metamorphosis
43
Hexapoda Body Plan
- head, thorax and abdomen
- internal organ system
- have malpigian tubules for nitrogen waste excretion
44
Planktonic Crustaceans
- Subphylum Crustancea
- fairy shrimps, amphipods, water fleas, krill
- most abundant animals on earth
- food source for many large vertebrates
45
Which Lophotrochozoan phylum contains the most species?
Phylum Mollusca
46
What is metanephridia?
specialized excretory organs, or nephridia, that filter waste from the coelomic fluid and expel it through nephridiopores
47
What animals are examples of Oligochaetes?
Earthworms
48
What animals are in the phylum Onychophora?
Velvet worms
49
What animals are in the subphylum Chelicerata?
Spiders, ticks, and scorpions
50
What animals are in the subphylum Hexapods?
Bees, butterflies, ants
