Topic 6 (all) Flashcards
What are the features of a prokaryotic cell (6)
1)nucleoid
2)Cytoplasm
3)Cell wall
4)Ribosome
5)Cell membrane
6)Plasmids
What is in the nucleoid of a prokaryotic cell
Circular DNA
What are plasmids?
Shorter pieces of circular DNA
What is present in both gram positive and gram negative cell wall
Peptidoglycan
What is present only in gram negative cell wall
Lipopolysaccharide
How does penicillin work
1)Bind irreversbly to bacterial enzyme transcripdase
2)Cross-linkage within cell wall can no longer be formed
3)Cell wall is no longer synthesised
4)Cell cannot resist turgor pressure when water diffuse in via osmosis.
5)Cell burst
Which type of bacteria does penicillin work the most effective against
Gram positive
What type of antibiotic is penicillin
Bacteriacidal penicillin
How to distinguish gram positive bacteria from gram negative bacteria (5)
1)Use cristal violet stain
2)Gram positive will be stained
3)Liposaccharide layer prevent gram negative bacteria from being stained
4)Place gram positive bacteria in ethanol to remove liposaccharide
5)Use counterstain
What are the two types of antiobiotics (2)
1)Bactericidal
2)Bacteriostatic
What type of antibiotics of tetracycline
Bacteriostatic
How does tetracycline work (5)
1)Binds to 70s ribosome
2)Blocks attachment of tRNA ro mRNA (translation)
3)Protein synthesis stops
4)Cell growth stops
5)Does not immediately kill the cell but pauses its replication
How is resistance to antiobiotic developed (6)
1)Random mutation
2)Those with advantageous allele survive
3)Those without die
4)No competition
5)Faster reproduction rate
6)Allele frequency increase
How to control the spread of antibiotic resistance (5)
1)Use a wider range of antibiotics
2)Prescribe less
3)Stop usage
4)Improve hospital hygiene
5)Isolate patients
What are the features of a viral cell (2)
1)Protein coat (capsid)
2)Nucleic acid
