Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Topic 1 (All) > Flashcards

Topic 1 (All) Flashcards

1
Q

What properties arises from the dipolar nature of water (3)

A

1)Cohesion
2)Adhesion
3)Solvent to other polar substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The structure of a DNA nucleotide (3)

A

1)Deoxyribose
2)Nitrogenous base (A, T, G, C)
3)Phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The structure of a RNA nucleotide (3)

A

1)Ribose
2)Nitrogenous base (A, U, C, G)
3)Phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The bond formed between phosphate group and pentose sugar

A

Phosphoester bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes nitrogenous base in a nucleotide

A

Nitrate ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two types of nitrogenous base (2)

A

1)Pyrine (A,G)
2)Pyramindine (T, C, U)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 important features of polynucleotide (DNA)(4)

A

1)2 polynucleotides
2)2 sugar-phosphate backbone
3)H bond between complementary bases
4)Phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides via condensation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 important features of polynucleotide (RNA) (3)

A

1)1polynucleotide
2)1 sugar-phosphate backbone
3)Phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides via condensation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The format of DNA replication and why (2)

A

1)Semi-conservative
2)Each replicated DNA molecule contains one original and one new polynucleotide strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The stages of DNA replication (5)

A

1) DNA double helix unwinds (catalyzed by DNA helix)
2) Free DNA nucleotides attach to complementary bases
3)Adjacent DNA nucleotides form phosphodiester bonds via a condensation reaction (catalyzed by DNA polymerase)
4)Segments of joined DNA nucleotides join via phosphodiester bond forming sugar-phosphate backbone (Catalysed by DNA ligase)
5)Two polynucleotide rewinds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The 3 enzymes involved in DNA replication (3)

A

1)DNA helicase
2)DNA polymerase
3)DNA ligase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The two process involved in the formation of a polypeptide chain (2)

A

1)Transcription
2)Translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The name of DNA template strand in transcription

A

Antisense strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The name of DNA non-template strand in transcription

A

Sense strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The definition of codon

A

The triplet code on mRNA molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The definition of anticodon

A

The triplet code on tRNA molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 natures of DNA genetic code (4)

A

1) Triplet (3 bases)
2) Universal: The same triplet code codes for the same amino acid in all organisms
3)Non-overlapping
4)Degenerative: More than one combination of triplet can code for the same amino acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reason for the degenerative nature of DNA genetic code (2)

A

1)64 possible combination of triplet codes
2)Only 20 naturally occuring amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The name of the DNA strand that the synthesized mRNA strand is identical to

A

Sense strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The stages of transcription (5)

A

1)DNA double helix unwinds （catalysed by DNA ligase)
2)RNA nucleotides binds to complementary bases
3)Phosphodiester bond form between adjacent RNA nucleotides (catalysed by RNA polymerase)
4)Stop codon is reached
5)mRNA leaves the nucleus via nuclear pore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The stages of translation (5）

A

1)mRNA attaches to the ribosome
2)Start codon initiates the process
3)Anticodon on tRNA binds to codon on mRNA through complementary base pairing
4)Peptide bonds form via condensation reaction between adjacent amino acid.
5)A polypeptide is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The definition of gene (2)

A

A section of DNA that determines the order of polypeptide.

23
Q

The definition of primary structure (2)

A

The specific sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide

24
Q

Where does transcription take place?

25
Where does translation take place?
Ribosome
26
Where does protein modification/ folding take place?
Golgi apparatus
27
The two types of secondary structure (2)
1)Alpha helix 2)Beta pleated sheet
28
The type of bonds in secondary structure (2)
1) Hydrogen bond 2) Peptide bond
29
Where does peptide bond form between 2 amino acids?
Between the amine group of one and the carboxyl group of the other
30
The types of bonds in tertiary structure (5)
1) Peptide bond 2) Hydrogen bond 3) Hydrophobic interaction 4) Disulphide bridges 5) Ionic bond
31
The 3 types of bonds in tertiary stucture formed between R group (3)
1) Hydrophobic interaction 2) Disulphide bridges 3) Ionic bond
32
What structure does globular protein have?
Tertiary structure
33
What structure does fibrous protein have
Secondary structure
34
What are the three structure features of haemoglobin (3)
1)Has a quaternary structure as consists of 4 polypeptide. 2)Each consists of a haem group where oxygen molecules binds to 3)Soluble
35
The structural feature of collagen (3)
1) 3 polypeptide held by hydrogen bond (triple helix) 2) secondary structure 3) Insoluble
36
How the structural feature of collagen relates to its function (2)
1)Held by hydrogen bond in parallel 2)Privdes strength
37
The types of protein that enzyme belong to
Globular protein
38
The monosaccharides that make maltose (2)
1) a glucose 2) a glucose
39
The monosccharides that make sucrose (2)
1) a glucose 2) fructose
40
The monosaccharides that make lactose (2)
1) a glucose 2) galactose
41
What is starch made of (2)
1) Amylose 2) Amylopectin
42
The structure of amylose (2)
1) straight chain of a-glucose 2) Held by glycosidic 1,4 bond
43
The structure of amylopctin (2)
1) Branched chains of a-glucose 2) Held by glycosidic 1,4 and 1,6 bond
44
The structural feature of starch (3)
1) Spiral and compact 2) Large 3) Insoluble
45
How the structure of starch relates to its function (3)
1) Spiral and compact: more glucose molecules in limited space. 2) Large: Remain in cell as unable to diffuse out 3) Insoluble: No osmotic effect within cell
46
The structure of glycogen (2)
1) More side branches than amylopectin 2) A glucose held by glycosidic 1,4 and 1,6 bonds
47
What is the implication of having more side branches?
Hydrolysis could take place faster
48
The structure of cellulose (2)
1) Unbranched chain of b-glucose 2) Held by B-1,4 glycosidic bond
49
How does cellulose form microbrills?
1) Adjacent chains held by hydrogen bond between the OH group
50
The function of microbrills in cell wall (3)
1) privides strength 2) Withstand turgid pressure 3) Preventing cell burst
51
What is a triglyceride and its structure
1)Hydrophobic lipid
52
The structure of a triglyceride (2)
1) One glycerol and three fatty acids 2) Ester bond formed between glyerol and fatty acid via condensation reaction
53
The two types of fatty acids (2)
1) Saturated: only single C-C bond 2) Unsaturated: When one or more C=C bond in a hydrocarbon chain
54
Why do unsaturated fatty acid have lower boiling point (3)
1) Double bond creates chink 2) Molecules further apart 3) Weaker intermolecular forces 4) Less energy required to overcome

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions